5. Identity, Personality, and Disorders Flashcards
Fictional Finalism
Comprised of internal, idealistic beliefs about the future; e.g. assumption that winning the lottery will solve all of his problems
What response is associated w/ Stockholm syndrome?
Reaction formation: defense mechanism that converts unwanted feelings into their exact opposite; e.g. the terror and hatred one feels toward their captor might be unconsciously turned into affection to reduce the stress of the situation
Which aspect of PEN theory relates to ability to keep calm in stressful situations?
Neuroticism: associated w/ high emotional arousal in stressful situations, so keeping calm is a sign of low neuroticism
Link between gene expression and behavior involves which theories?
Behavioral perspective AND biological perspective
Which aspect (id, ego, superego) is responsible for guilt/anxiety that we feel after we’ve done something wrong?
SUPEREGO; responsible for moral guilt when we do not live up to our ideals
Tenants of role-taking and observational learning
- Bobo doll experiment shows young children don’t solely model actions by parents
- teens are most influenced by their peers (not celebrities/athletes)
- children ARE more likely to engage in behavior modeled by individuals that are like themselves, thus female child more likely to imitate another female
Androgyny (def)
high femininity, high masculinity
What are components of a person’s self-concept?
- past self: who we were in the past
- self-schemata: who we are now
- future self: who we may become in the future
Borderline Personality
- instability in interpersonal behavior, mood, and self-image
- interpersonal relationships are often intense and unstable
- 2x more common in Females than males
- splitting: defense mechanism in which they view others as all good or all bad
Echolalia vs. Echopraxia
- Echo-lalia - involuntary repetition of other’s words or utterances; may be seen in schizophrenia
- Echo-praxia - imitation of other’s actions
Loosening of associations
type of disordered thought in which patient moves between remotely related ideas
Neologisms
newly invented words
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Characterized by:
- focusing on details
- loving routine
- having a sense that there’s only one right way to do things
- lack of humor
Major depressive episode
Marked by a period of at least 2 weeks in which patient has 5/9 cardinal symptoms, one of which must be depressed mood or lack of interest.
(Not all depressed individuals are suicidal, and not necessarily feelings of sadness)
Body dysmorphic disorder
negative apprasial of one’s own appearance
Dissociative amnesia w/ dissociative fugue
characterized by sudden travel or change in normal day-to-day activities; occurs in some cases of dissociative amnesia
Symptoms: inability to recall one’s past or confusion about one’s identity
Why are agoraphobia and panic disorders often associated?
Agoraphobia (fear of places or situations in which it would be difficult to escape) is commonly seen in panic disorder (fear of having panic attack in public may make these individuals fearful of leaving their home)
Illness anxiety disorder
person is preoccupied w/ fears that he/she has or will come down with a serious disease; and these fears continue even after medical exams and tests have returned negative results
Name symptoms associated w/ both major depressive and bipolar diseases? What distinguishes them?
- appetite disturbance
- substantial weight change
- decreased energy
- feeling or worthlessness
- excessive guilt
In bipolar disorder, patient would have manic (or hypomanic) episodes as well
Panic disorder
exhibiting signs of panic and irrational fear w/o any instigating object present indicates panic disorder
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- developmental psychology
- insisted that there are qualitative differences between the way that children and adults think, and thus divided the lifespan into 4 stages
Looking glass self
this concept describes the development of one’s self and of one’s identity through one’s interpersonal interactions within the context of society; related to Mead’s concept of I and Me
Mead’s Self-Identity
https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/individuals-and-society/self-identity/v/george-herbert-mead-the-i-and-the-me
Erik Erikson’s stages of development
- Trust vs. mistrust: 0-1 yr, trust the people who are giving you food, distrust people who are not
- Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt: 1-3 years; potty training; understanding their bodies and how to figure it out
- Initiative vs. Guilt: 3-6 years old; (think: dora the explorer) they understand their humor, learn to manipulate; able to take some initiative; they feel guilty if they did something wrong
- Industry vs. Inferiority: 6-12 years old; able to figure things out; they have to learn to read and write; learning how to socialize, feeling left out; 1st social interactions that come into play; abstract reasoning
- Identity vs. Role Confusion: adolescence;
- Intimacy vs. Isolation: young adulthood; developing intimate relationships; friendships, relationships; “can have intimate relationships, but feel so alone”
- Generativity vs. Stagnation: middle age; “building a career but feeling like you’re stagnant”
- Integrity vs. Despair: old age; regrets about decisions; things that should have been done
4 theories of personality
Jungian Theory
- Mind is split –> all factors combine to form self (graphic on right)
- Conscious
- Unconscious
- Personal
- Collective
- Jungian Archetypes: images or thoughts w/ an emotional element that are a record of common experiences
- Persona: personality that we present to the world
- Anima: (feminine), man’s inner woman
- Animus: (masculine) woman’s inner man
- Shadow: responsible for unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts and actions
Freud’s Theory
- Types
- Conscious: thoughts we have access to
- Preconscious: thoughts we are not currently aware of
- Unconscious: thoughts that have been repressed; libido
- Components
-
Ego - reality principle; organizer of the mind; moderates the id and superego;
- Reality principle: postpone the pleasure principle until satisfaction can actually be obtained; associated w/ Ego
- Superego - moral oversight; focuses on the ideal self, judges our action and responds accordingly (directly opposite of the Id)
-
Id - hedonistic, pleasure-seeking, impulsive; fully unconscious
- Pleasure principle: achieve immediate gratification; associated w/ Id
-
Ego - reality principle; organizer of the mind; moderates the id and superego;
