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7: Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

why is photolysis

A

the stage of photosynthesis where water us split by light

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2
Q

what can happen as a result of the DNA strands being separated

A

mutations

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3
Q

in induced fit binding, when the active site changes slightly what is it called?

A

conformational changes

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4
Q

anabolism does or doesn’t require input of energy

A

does

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5
Q

feature of ATP, releases small sufficient amounts of energy

A

enough to drive metabolic reactions, keeping energy wastage low

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6
Q

catabolism is the _________ of _______ molecules into _______ molecules

A

breakdown, complex, simpler

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7
Q

what is a respiratory substrate

A

any molecule that can be broken down in respiration to release energy

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8
Q

example of anabolic reaction

A

photosynthesis

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9
Q

what happens in denaturation

A

hydrogen bond holding enzymes break

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10
Q

feature of ATP, can be recycled

A

reversible reaction

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11
Q

what does RNA polymerase do?

A

separates strands, adds RNA nucleotides and creates sugar phosphate bond to create a continuous strand

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12
Q

how does photolysis happen

A

the energy in photons is used to split water molecules, generating hydrogen ions, electrons and oxygen

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13
Q

how many molecules of ATP does aerobic respiration make

A

36 molecules

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14
Q

what enzyme is involved in protein synthesis

A

RNA polymerase

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15
Q

what is a recent hypothesis similar to the lock and key method about enzymes

A

induced- fit binding

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16
Q

what sort of proteins are enzymes?

A

complex globular proteins

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17
Q

what does ATP stand for

A

adenosine triphosphate- its an RNA nucleotide

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18
Q

how many molecules of ATP does anaerobic respiration make

A

2 molecules

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19
Q

what is the sense strand

A

strand of DNa that actually has the genetic information that wants to be copied on it

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

run through induced fit binding

A
  • substrate(s) binds to active site
  • active site changes shape
  • affects bonding in substrate(s)
  • product(s) released
  • active site returns to original shape
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22
Q

what is photolysis need for

A

to access hydrogen from water, it is needed to convert carbon dioxide into glucose

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23
Q

what do conformational changes in induced fit bindings ensure?

A

ensures ideal binding arrangements and maximises ability of enzyme to catalyse

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24
Q

enzymes are what?

A

biological catalysts

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25
what can ATP turn into when the bond between 2nd and 3rd phosphate
ADP, adenine diphosphate
26
what two things ensure the active site has properties for catalysis
amino acids found in active site- interactions with these 3D structure of the enzyme
27
greek way to remember whether catabolism is synthesis or breakdown
kata- down ana- up
28
what is gene expression
protein production using the sequence of bases in a a gene. not all genes are expressed, only those that are are transcribed
29
what are the two reactions involved in photosynthesis
light dependent reactions, light independent reactions
30
metabolism is...
the complex network of independent and interacting chemical reactions in living organisms
31
how many phosphates in ATP
3
32
what is the antisense strand
the strand that is used for transcription
33
what controls metabolic pathways
enzymes
34
anabolism is the _________ of _______ molecules from _______ molecules
synthesis, complex, simpler
35
what are two types of metabolic reactions
anabolic and catabolic
36
name 5 features of ATP
releases sufficient amounts of energy stable recyclable hydrolysis is quick soluble
37
feature of ATP, stable molecule
doesn't break now with AT pase
38
what are cyanobacteria
photosynthetic bacteria
39
5 variables affecting rate of cell respiration
how metabolically active size of organism temp ph oxygen supply
40
what does catabolism include?
hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers
41
feature of ATP, hydrolysis is quick/easy
cells respond quickly if increase in demand
42
what is the order of the PEA sites?
EPA, but going right to left
43
what is a catalyst?
a substance that increases rate of chemical reactions but is not changed or used up
44
is energy released in anabolism or catabolism
catabolism
45
active site of an enzyme is a result of what chains?
folding polypeptide chains
46
what does anabolism include?
forming macromolecules from monomers by condensation
47
3 ways enzyme substrate collisions can happen
substrate is stationary, enzyme moves (DNA REP) enzyme is stationary, substrate moves (ATP SYNTHASE EMBEDDED IN CELL MEMBRANE) both can move (MOST CELLULAR REACTIONS)
48
what happens in the A site
binding for tRNA, peptide bond is formed between amino acid and polypeptide chain
49
induced fit binding- one sentence
active site is substrate specific but not in a fixed shape
50
in the ribosome, does the small or big subunit bind to the mRNA
small
51
example of a catabolic reaction
cell respiration
52
what is the equation for photolysis
2H2O+photons--> 4H+ +O2 +4e-
53
feature of ATP, soluble
transported easily
54
what enzyme is involved in DNA replication
helicase
55
what are photosynthetic bacteria...
cyanobacteria
56
in order for a catalysed reaction to happen in an enzyme, what two things must the substrate be?
correct orientation correct speed
57
which bond being broken in ATP releases energy
2-3 phosphate
58
What is the respiratory substrate in most cells
glucose
59
what two things does a tRNA have on it
amino acid, anticodon
60
cell respiration is a complex series of _______ ________ that break down _____ compounds, which ______ _______, which is then used to produce ___ molecules.
metabolic pathways carbon releasing energy ATP
61
how do enzymes speed reactions?
lowering activation energy

Biology (10 decks)

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