7. Managing change and Innovation Flashcards
External forces for change
- Changing consumer needs and wants
- New governmental laws
- Changing technology
- Economic changes
Internal forces for change
- New organizational strategy
- Change in composition of workforce
- New equipment
- Changing employee attitudes
The Three-Step Change Process
- Unfreeze
- Changing
- Refreezing
Organizational Change
any alterations in the people, structure, or technology of an organization.
Change Agents
persons who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process.
Structural change
Changing an organization’s structural components or its structural design
Technological change
Adopting new equipment, tools, or operating methods that displace old skills and require new ones
people change
Changing attitudes, expectations, perceptions, and behaviors of the workforce
Why Do People Resist Change?
- The ambiguity and uncertainty that change introduces
- The comfort of old habits
- A concern over personal loss of status, money, authority, friendships, and personal convenience
- The perception that change is incompatible with the goals and interest of the organization
Techniques for Reducing Resistance to Change
- Education and
- communication
- Participation
- Facilitation and support
- Negotiation
- Manipulation and co-optation
- Coercion
Conditions that facilitate cultural change:
- The occurrence of a dramatic crisis
- Leadership changing hands
- A young, flexible, and small organization
- A weak organizational culture
Stress
the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure placed on them from extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities.
Stressors
factors that cause stress.
Role Conflicts
work expectations that are hard to satisfy.
Role Overload
having more work to accomplish than time permits.
