7 - Local Contributing Factors Flashcards by Michael Vieth

What causes CEPs

Amelogenesis fails to halt before root development

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3 grades and characteristics of CEPs

Grade 1 - distinct change in CEJ pointing to furcation
Grade 2 - CEP approaches but does not enter furcation
Grade 3 - CEP extends into furcation

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Prevalence of CEPs (3 sources)

Hou and Tsai - 85% of molars w/ furcation involvement
Masters and Hoskins - MAN molars 28.6%, MAX molars 17%
Masters - 90% of isolated furcations

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Most common tooth w/ CEP

2nd molars, buccal

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CEP proximity to pulp (source)

Sterit - Up to 1.6mm

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Prevalence and location of enamel pearls (source)

Moskow & Canut

2.69% on molars

Maxillary 3rd molars

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Bifurcation ridge

Location
Direction
Prevalence
Source

Mandibular 1st molar
Run M-D centered B-L
70%
Dunlap and Gher

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Palatogingival grooves

Prevalence
Location
Termination
Source

3% centrals, 6% laterals
54% terminate on root
Kogon

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Attachment area MAX 1M (source)

Herman
Root trunk 32%
MB 25%
Palate 24%
DB 19%

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Attachment area MAN 1M (source)

Dunlap & Gher
Root trunk 31%
Mesial 37%
Distal 32%

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Maxillary - average root trunk lengths (source)

Kerns
Max 1st Molar: (4) F 4.11, M 4.73, D 4.66
Max 2nd Molar: F 4.29 M 6.4 D 4.83 (so a little longer than the 1st
Max 1st Premolar: (7.7) M 7.76 D 7.71

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Mandibular - average root trunk lengths (source)

Kerns
Man 1st Molar: (3) F 3.27 L 4.28
Man 2nd Molar: (3) F 3.28 F 3.83

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What % does root trunk and root make up of the attachment area?

30% root trunk

70% roots

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% w/ root grooves on 1M and 2M (source)

Kerns
50-60% 1M
90% 2M

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Significance of root grooves

Plaque accumulation
Attachment loss
Predispose to furcation involvement

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Prevalence of furcation entrance widths (source)

Bowers

81% <1mm
58% <0.75mm

Average distances for interroot separation

2-3mm B-L

4-4.5mm M-D

Root fusion prevalence and gender (source)

Hou

Root fusion 23%
5% more common in females
Max 2M > Man 2M > Max 1M > Man 1M

Root fusion prevalence MAX vs MAN (source)

Ross

30% of molars with fused roots. 35% MAX, 24% MAN

Max 3rd (89%)
Man 3rd (52%)
Max 2nd (52%)
Man 2nd (45%)
Max 1st (8%)
Man 1st (3%)

Cemental tears (source)

Leknes

Separated fragments of cementum w/ or w/o dentin attached

Occlusal trauma?

Furcation accessory canals

Source
Prevalence

Gutmann
28.4% furcation
Mandible > maxilla

Accessory canals

Source
Prevalence

Kirkham
23% with at least 1, majority in apical 1/3

Man PM 53.5%
Man M 44.5%
1M > 2M

Relevance of root proximity to Interradicular bone (source)

Heins & Weider
<0.3mm PDL
0.3-0.5mm cortical bone
>0.5mm cortical + cancellous

Devore and Wojcik - hopeless teeth prognosis

Maintained hopeless teeth had no effect on adjacent teeth

Machtei - hopeless teeth prognosis

Mean bone loss next to retained hopeless teeth 10X higher over 4 years

Grass - hopeless teeth prognosis

Hopeless tooth remains untreated patient may benefit from extraction

Ehnevid and Jansson - hopeless teeth prognosis

Max 2PM w/ increased distal PD if adjacent Max 1M had mesial furcation involvement

Effect of overhang restorations (3 sources)

Waerhaug - increase microbial sphere of influence Wang - alters composition of microbes Jeffcoat and Howell - medium (20-50%) and large overhangs increase bone loss

Biologic width (source)

Gargiulo 1. 07mm CT 0. 97mm JE

Distance from base of sulcus and restoration margin?

1-2mm Thus 3-4mm from bone

Proper term for location of crown margins

Intracrevicular

Different pontic types

Sanitary - gap of 3mm Modified ridge lap - concave intaglio on facial, lingual is convex Ovate - completely convex

Effect of Angle's classification on periodontal status (source)

Geiger None as long as the teeth are kept clean

Relation of toothbrushing and cervical abrasion (source)

Radentz SS relationship between quantity of toothpaste and cervical abrasion

Relation of gingival recession and toothbrush trauma (source)

Khocht Greater amount of gingival recession in posterior sextant of dominant hand and in mandibular anterior