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Textbook > 6 - Plaque and Calculus > Flashcards

6 - Plaque and Calculus Flashcards

1
Q

3 things in plaque

A

Microbial clusters
Polysaccharides
Glycoproteins

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2
Q

Amorphous material composed of plaque, food debris, desquamative epithelium, and NP

A

Material alba

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3
Q

Matrix produced in a biofilm by microbes

A

Glycocalyx

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4
Q

3 sugars + bacteria in glycocalyx

A

Glucose –> dextrose (Strep)
Fructose –> levans (Strep)
Uronic acid + Ca2+ –> alginate (Gram negative)

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5
Q

Examples of autoinducers

A

Acylated homoserine lactones (gram negative)

Oligopeptides (gram positive)

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6
Q

4 phases of biofilm growth

A

Adherence
Lag
Rapid growth
Steady state

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7
Q

Molecule cleaved by neuraminidase to expose terminal galactose sugar

A

Mucin

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8
Q

Molecule that binds Ca2+ and HA

A

Proline rich proteins (PRP)

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9
Q

Molecule that binds Ca2+ and phosphate

A

Statherins

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10
Q

Histidine rich molecule

A

Histatin

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11
Q

Molecule that inhibits cysteine rich proteinases (Cathepsin BHL)

A

Cystatin

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12
Q

HA surface of teeth have a ____ charge which attracts the _____ charge on glycoproteins

A

Negative

Positive

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13
Q

Thickness of pellicle before acquiring bacteria?

Time frame?

A

1-2um

1 hour

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14
Q

What 3 things forms the glycocalyx

A

Alginates
Dextrans
Levans

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15
Q

Bacteria clumping together within a suspension

A

Coaggregation

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16
Q

Bacteria within the saliva bind to bacteria that are bound to the substrate surface

A

Coadhesion

17
Q

How far does oxygen penetrate a biofilm?

A

25-30um

18
Q

How are bacteria able to invade gingival epithelial cells?

A
  • Widened intercellular spaces due to inflammation
  • NP migration leaves channels that bacteria follow
  • Sulcular epithelium is ulcerated
19
Q

What bacteria invade gingival epithelial cells?

A

AA

PG

20
Q

Who showed that spirochetes invade tissue? How far?

A

Listgarten

250um

21
Q

Zones of spirochete invasion

A

Bacterial
NP
Necrotic
Spirochete

22
Q

Evidence for why calculus contributes to periodontitis (3)

A

Tan - viable bacteria within calculus samples under LM
Allen - non-autoclaved calculus caused abscess/suppuration
Loe - Sri Lankan study

23
Q

Do bacteria need to be present for calculus to form? (2 sources)

A

NO

Glas & Gustafsson

Calculus formation in germ free mice within the pellicle

24
Q

Is saliva necessary for calculus formation? (Source)

A

Yes, it’s the source of calcium + phosphate

Kakehashi - animals w/ major salivary glands removed don’t form calculus

25
Q

Calculus formation occurs by nucleation or crystal seeding within the dental plaque matrix

A

Epitactic Mechanism

26
Q

Proteolytic activity of bacteria increases the pH by urea and ammonium products that causes precipitation of the mineral calcium phosphate

A

Booster mechanism

27
Q

4 types of calculus and percentages

A

Brushite 9%
Octacalcium phosphate 12%
Magnesium whitlockite 21%
HA 58%

28
Q

Most prevalent subgingival calculus

A

HA

29
Q

Found predominantly in posterior teeth

A

Magnesium whitlockite

30
Q

97-100% of supragingival calculus

A

Octacalcium phosphate

31
Q

Dominant in newly formed supragingival calculus

A

Brushite

32
Q

Increases as calculus ages

A

HA
Octacalcium phosphate
Magnesium whitlockite

33
Q

Decreases as calculus ages

A

Brushite

34
Q

Brushite formula

A

CaHPO4 2H20

35
Q

Octacalcium phosphate formula

A

CaH(PO4)3 2H20

36
Q

HA formula

A

Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2

37
Q

Magnesium Whitlockite formula

A

Ca9(PO4)6 MgF PO7

Textbook (17 decks)

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