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Textbook > 4 - Microbiology of Periodontal Disease > Flashcards

4 - Microbiology of Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

4 papilla of tongue

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Foliate
Circumvallate

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2
Q

Must numerous papilla

A

Filiform

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3
Q

Fungiform papilla description, innervation

A

Mushroom shaped, dorsal surface taste bud

CN VII (chorda tympani from CN V)

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4
Q

Filiform papilla description, innervation

A

Most numerous, increased keratinization

CN VII?

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5
Q

Foliate papilla description, innervation

A

Lateral border of tongue

CN VII (anterior), CN IX (posterior)

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6
Q

Circumvallate papilla description, innervation

A

10-14 anterior to sulcus terminalis. Ducts of Von Ebner’s glands

CN IX

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7
Q

____% of lingual flora is gram +

A

70

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8
Q

What genus dominates epithelial surfaces (minus dorsum of tongue)

A

Streptococci

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9
Q

GCF is rich in ____ and ____

A

IgG

IgA

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10
Q

1st level of evidence supporting bacterial etiology of periodontal disease

A

Clinical observations

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11
Q

Examples of level #1 evidence

A

Bryan (1939) and Fauchard (1746)

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12
Q

2nd level of evidence supporting bacterial etiology of periodontal disease

A

Germfree animals

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13
Q

Examples of level #2 evidence

A

Orland - no caries in germfree animals
Baer - loss of bone in germfree rats due to mechanical irritation
Listgarten - no ChP in germfree beagle, inflammation due to sterilized diet
Socransky

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14
Q

3rd level of evidence supporting bacterial etiology of periodontal disease

A

Monoinfected gnotobiotic animals

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15
Q

Examples of level #3 evidence

A

Jordan - Monoinfection w/ Actinomyces viscosus in rats cause inflammation/root caries

Most bacteria require other colonizing bacteria to survive

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16
Q

4th level of evidence supporting bacterial etiology of periodontal disease

A

Experimental periodontal disease

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17
Q

Examples of level #4 evidence

A

Loe 1965 - Gingivitis develops in 10-21 days, resolves in 1 week w/ continued OH

Syed and Loesche - repeat Loe study

Lindhe - experimental ChP in beagles

18
Q

Progression of bacteria in Loe study

A

Gram positive (90-100%), transformed to gram negative (40-50%)

Gram - preceded gingivitis by 3-10 days

Pressed thin film on plaque

19
Q

Progression of bacteria in Syed and Loesche study

A

Gram + dominant throughout experiment

A. viscosus associated w/ marginal gingivitis
Actinomyces dominated 2-3 week plaque

20
Q

Results of Lindhe ChP beagle dogs

A

4 years no brushing

8/10 w/ CAL loss
2/1 w/ NO CAL loss.

Not all gingivitis proceeds to periodontitis

21
Q

5th level of evidence supporting bacterial etiology of periodontal disease

A

Therapeutic effect of plaque control on human periodontitis

22
Q

Examples of level #5 evidence

A

Plaque control and maintenance studies most important step in treatment of periodontal disease

Antimicrobial chemicals are useful adjuncts

23
Q

6th level of evidence supporting bacterial etiology of periodontal disease

A

Epidemiologic studies on relation of oral hygiene and periodontitis

24
Q

Examples of level #6 evidence

A

Gross - Erie County, NY. Positive correlation between occurrence of bone loss and presence of periodontal pathogens (B. forsythus), smoking (dose-dependent), diabetes, and age

25
Q

7th level of evidence supporting bacterial etiology of periodontal disease

A

Pathogenic potential of plaque bacteria

26
Q

Examples of level #7 evidence

A

Sulcular/JE permeability facilitate entry of bacteria
Destruction of tissue (MMP)
Lytic enzymes
Enhanced inflammatory response
Inhibition of host repair processes (collagen synthesis)
Local suppression of host defense

27
Q

4 Koch’s Postulates

A

1) The organism must be found in lesions of the disease
2) It much be isolated and grown in pure culture on artificial media
3) Inoculation of experimental animals with microorganism must cause similar lesions to those in humans
The microorganisms must be isolated from the lesions in the experimental animal

28
Q

5 alternatives to Koch’s postulates

A

1) Association with the disease: thus the pathogen must be at significantly higher levels in the diseased site as oppose to the healthy (0.3 weight)
2) Elimination of the organism: Elimination of the pathogen should arrest the disease (0.3 weight)
3) Host response: The host response to the pathogen should be greater as compared to non-pathogens (0.2 weight)
4) Animal Pathogenicity: Placing the pathogen in germfree animals or conventional animals should cause the disease. (0.2 weight)
Mechanisms of Pathogenicity: The pathogen should have factors that allow it to contribute to the disease state (i.e. LPS) (0.1 weight)

29
Q

Periodontal disease caused by endogenous or exogenous organisms? (source)

A

Endogenous

Choi w/ PCR study

30
Q

Bacterial flora and %’s in health

A

75-80% gram +

Streptococci + Actinomyces

31
Q

Bacterial load in health

A

10² to 10³

32
Q

Bacterial flora in gingivitis

A

Gram positive rods (Loe)

33
Q

Bacterial load in gingivitis

A

10^4 to 10^6

34
Q

Species in blue complex

A

Actinomyces

35
Q

Species in purple complex

A

Veillonella parvula

A. odontolyticus

36
Q

Species in green complex

A

AA

37
Q

Species in yellow complex

A

Streptococcus

38
Q

Species in orange complex

A

Campylobacter
Prevotella intermedia
F. nucleatum

39
Q

Species in red complex

A

TD
TF
PG

40
Q

Microbes associated w/ LAP

A

AA

PG

41
Q

Microbes associated w/ ANUG (source)

A

Spirochete treponema

Listgarten

42
Q

Depth of invasion of spirochetes

A

250um

Textbook (17 decks)

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