Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Textbook > 1 - Anatomy and Development > Flashcards

1 - Anatomy and Development Flashcards

1
Q

3 zones of epithelium in the periodontium

A

Oral
Sulcular
Junctional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Layers of SSE

A

Basale
Spinosum
Granulosum
Corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Basale characteristics

A
  • Cuboidal cells
  • Many mitochondria and organelles
  • Low MW keratin proteins
  • Mitosis taking place
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Spinosum characteristics

A
  • Polyhedral shape
  • High MW keratin
  • Begin to decrease # of organelles as you go
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

____ bodies or ____ begin to form in the stratum spinosum.

What are they?

A

Odland bodies or keratinosomes

Lysosomes filled with acid phosphatase that are responsible for breakdown of cellular organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Granulosum characteristics

A
  • Cells flatten out

- Packed with keratohyaline granules (high MW keratins) and tonofilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stratum granulosum is not present where?

A

Non-KZ epithelium aka alveolar mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stratum corneum characteristics

A
  • Flattened cells
  • Filled w/ tonofilaments and fillagrin
  • Keratohyaline granules disappear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parakeratinized epithelium has what?

A

Pyknotic nuclei (small, dark)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Orthokeratinized epithelium has what?

A

No nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

____ radiate in brush-like fashion from the attachment plaques out into the cytoplasm of the two adjacent cells

A

Tonofilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 clear cells?

A

Langerhans
Melanocytes
Merkel cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are Langerhans cells? What type of cell are they? What is their purpose?

A

Spinous layer
Dendritic cell
Phagocytize bacteria and present antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of cell is a melanocyte? Where are they found? What is their purpose?

A

Dendritic cell
Basal and spinous layer
Synthesize melanin and transfer to adjacent basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Purpose of Merkel cells?

A

Tactile perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most of oral epithelium is _____keratinized

A

Parakeratinized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Turnover rate of oral epithelium?

A

6-12 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

As keratinization increase, glycogen content ____

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sulcular epithelium has no ____ and few _____

A

Stratum granulosum or corneum

Rete pegs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Turnover rate of JE?

A

1-6 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

JE attaches to tooth via _____ and CT via ____

A

Internal basal lamina w/ HD

External basal lamina w/ D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 layers of CT

A

Papillary (near rete pegs)

Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is papillary or reticular layer more dense?

A

Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anatomy of basement membrane?

Name at EM level?

A

Lamina lucida next to epithelial cells

Lamina densa next to CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is LL and LD made of?
LL - laminin | LD - type IV collagen
26
How is the basement membrane anchored to CT?
Collagen fibers made of type VII collagen come from the CT and anchor into the type IV collagen of the LD
27
Describe the blood supply of the periodontium
Blood comes from superior and inferior alveolar arteries into the: - PDL - Alveolar bone - Surface of periodontium
28
2 types of bone + description
Woven bone - calcified collagen fibers, immature | Lamellar - mature, layers of bone
29
What type of bone is on the buccal and lingual surface of the alveolar process
Lamellar bone
30
Cortical bone is normally _____ bone and trabecular bone is normally _____ bone
Lamellar Lamellar + woven
31
Radiodense line along socket wall and over crest of alveolar plate
Lamina dura
32
4 layers of developing dental organ
Inner enamel epithelium Stratum intermedium Stellate reticulum Outer enamel epithelium
33
Where do ameloblasts and enamel come from?
IEE
34
Where does dentin come from?
Dental papilla --> odontoblasts
35
Where does pulp come from?
Dental papilla
36
Where does cementum come from?
Dental follicle --> cementoblasts
37
Where do PDL fibroblasts come from?
Dental follicle
38
Where do osteoblasts come from?
Dental follicle
39
How does HERS form?
IEE + OEE fuse to form cervical loop. These cells divide and extend apically
40
HERS extends around the ____
Dental papilla
41
What happens to cells in contact with HERS?
Cells in dental papilla --> odontoblasts --> secrete unmineralized dentin matrix
42
What do HERS cells secrete?
Embryonic enamel matrix proteins secrete over dentin matrix
43
When does dentin begin to mineralize? What else happens?
When HERS breaks down and unmineralized dentin matrix + enamel matrix proteins contacts cells of the dental follicle. Cells of dental follicle differentiate into cementoblasts
44
What is the first type of cementum formed? Description?
Fibrillar cementum Cementum matrix w/ collagen fibers
45
Remnants of HERS is ____
Epithelial rests of Mallassez
46
What are Sharpey's fibers?
Collagen fiber bundles from PDL that become entrapped in cementum and bone matrix
47
Where else are Sharpey's fibers found?
Insertions of tendons and ligaments into bone
48
What is bundle bone? Where is it found?
Bundles of collagen fibers in bone Tendon/ligament insertions into bone + Alveolar socket
49
Collagen fibers are ___ and ____ numerous in cementum. ___ and ____ numerous in bone
Thinner More Thicker Less
50
How does active eruption occur?
PDL fibers oriented more coronally on alveolar bone --> PDL fibroblasts attached to collagen fibers contract --> this pulls the tooth more coronally
51
What forms the reduced enamel epithelium?
Flattened inner enamel epithelium
52
What does the REE attach to and with what?
Enamel HD
53
What forms primary epithelial attachment
IEE + OEE after stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium break down
54
What forms secondary epithelial attachment?
Cells of the oral epithelium as they migrate down over the enamel
55
What is passive eruption?
No more active eruption, the secondary epithelial attachment continues to split and recede away from the tooth
56
What forms the gingival sulcus?
Split-and-recession process where tooth side epithelial cells abraded to level of CEJ and cells on other side are more coronal
57
What do cementoblasts secrete onto the enamel matrix layer?
Type I and III collagen
58
What is the first cementum to be formed? Characteristics?
Primary acellular cementum - Intrinsic fibers - Produced by cementoblasts - Fine fibrillar
59
What effect does Sharpey's fibers size have on cementum/bone with remodeling?
More numerous and smaller on cementum side, so force is more evenly distributed
60
When does secondary cementum formation begin?
Once tooth erupts and meets an opposing tooth
61
Where is secondary cementum thickest?
Apical region of root
62
Characteristics of secondary cementum?
Layers of cellular alternate with layers of acellular cementum
63
When does cementum formation stop?
Continues throughout life, especially at apex
64
Where and when is afibrillar cementum formed?
Near CEJ overlapping onto enamel Formed late in the process and often doesn't last long
65
Extrinsic cementum fibers are made by ____
PDL fibroblasts
66
% of enamel and CEJ meeting?
65% thin layer of afibrillar cementum over enamel 30% butt joint 5% w/ gap between enamel and cementum
67
Main PDL fiber groups? (6)
``` Alveolar crest Horizontal Oblique Apical Radicular Transseptal ```
68
What are transseptal fibers?
- Insert from one root to another root | - Run above the alveolar crest group from one tooth to another
69
Gingival fiber groups?
``` Alveolar crest to gingiva Dento-alveolar (root to periosteum) Dento-gingival (root to gingiva) Circumferential (within gingiva around tooth) Transseptal ```
70
What types of collagen are present in the PDL?
80% Type 1 | 20% Type III
71
Other fibers present in PDL besides collagen?
Oxytalin (immature elastin) - runs perpendicular to collagen Elaunin - regulates blood flow
72
What is between fiber bundles in the PDL?
Ground substance - Laminin - Fibronectin (adhesion protein) - GAGs - Water

Textbook (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions