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Textbook > 1 - Anatomy and Development > Flashcards

1 - Anatomy and Development Flashcards

1
Q

3 zones of epithelium in the periodontium

A

Oral
Sulcular
Junctional

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2
Q

Layers of SSE

A

Basale
Spinosum
Granulosum
Corneum

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3
Q

Basale characteristics

A
  • Cuboidal cells
  • Many mitochondria and organelles
  • Low MW keratin proteins
  • Mitosis taking place
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4
Q

Spinosum characteristics

A
  • Polyhedral shape
  • High MW keratin
  • Begin to decrease # of organelles as you go
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5
Q

____ bodies or ____ begin to form in the stratum spinosum.

What are they?

A

Odland bodies or keratinosomes

Lysosomes filled with acid phosphatase that are responsible for breakdown of cellular organelles

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6
Q

Granulosum characteristics

A
  • Cells flatten out

- Packed with keratohyaline granules (high MW keratins) and tonofilaments

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7
Q

Stratum granulosum is not present where?

A

Non-KZ epithelium aka alveolar mucosa

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8
Q

Stratum corneum characteristics

A
  • Flattened cells
  • Filled w/ tonofilaments and fillagrin
  • Keratohyaline granules disappear
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9
Q

Parakeratinized epithelium has what?

A

Pyknotic nuclei (small, dark)

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10
Q

Orthokeratinized epithelium has what?

A

No nuclei

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11
Q

____ radiate in brush-like fashion from the attachment plaques out into the cytoplasm of the two adjacent cells

A

Tonofilaments

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12
Q

What are the 3 clear cells?

A

Langerhans
Melanocytes
Merkel cells

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13
Q

Where are Langerhans cells? What type of cell are they? What is their purpose?

A

Spinous layer
Dendritic cell
Phagocytize bacteria and present antigens

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14
Q

What type of cell is a melanocyte? Where are they found? What is their purpose?

A

Dendritic cell
Basal and spinous layer
Synthesize melanin and transfer to adjacent basal cells

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15
Q

Purpose of Merkel cells?

A

Tactile perception

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16
Q

Most of oral epithelium is _____keratinized

A

Parakeratinized

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17
Q

Turnover rate of oral epithelium?

A

6-12 days

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18
Q

As keratinization increase, glycogen content ____

A

Decreases

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19
Q

Sulcular epithelium has no ____ and few _____

A

Stratum granulosum or corneum

Rete pegs

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20
Q

Turnover rate of JE?

A

1-6 days

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21
Q

JE attaches to tooth via _____ and CT via ____

A

Internal basal lamina w/ HD

External basal lamina w/ D

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22
Q

2 layers of CT

A

Papillary (near rete pegs)

Reticular

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23
Q

Is papillary or reticular layer more dense?

A

Reticular

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24
Q

Anatomy of basement membrane?

Name at EM level?

A

Lamina lucida next to epithelial cells

Lamina densa next to CT

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25
Q

What is LL and LD made of?

A

LL - laminin

LD - type IV collagen

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26
Q

How is the basement membrane anchored to CT?

A

Collagen fibers made of type VII collagen come from the CT and anchor into the type IV collagen of the LD

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27
Q

Describe the blood supply of the periodontium

A

Blood comes from superior and inferior alveolar arteries into the:

  • PDL
  • Alveolar bone
  • Surface of periodontium
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28
Q

2 types of bone + description

A

Woven bone - calcified collagen fibers, immature

Lamellar - mature, layers of bone

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29
Q

What type of bone is on the buccal and lingual surface of the alveolar process

A

Lamellar bone

30
Q

Cortical bone is normally _____ bone and trabecular bone is normally _____ bone

A

Lamellar

Lamellar + woven

31
Q

Radiodense line along socket wall and over crest of alveolar plate

A

Lamina dura

32
Q

4 layers of developing dental organ

A

Inner enamel epithelium
Stratum intermedium
Stellate reticulum
Outer enamel epithelium

33
Q

Where do ameloblasts and enamel come from?

A

IEE

34
Q

Where does dentin come from?

A

Dental papilla –> odontoblasts

35
Q

Where does pulp come from?

A

Dental papilla

36
Q

Where does cementum come from?

A

Dental follicle –> cementoblasts

37
Q

Where do PDL fibroblasts come from?

A

Dental follicle

38
Q

Where do osteoblasts come from?

A

Dental follicle

39
Q

How does HERS form?

A

IEE + OEE fuse to form cervical loop. These cells divide and extend apically

40
Q

HERS extends around the ____

A

Dental papilla

41
Q

What happens to cells in contact with HERS?

A

Cells in dental papilla –> odontoblasts –> secrete unmineralized dentin matrix

42
Q

What do HERS cells secrete?

A

Embryonic enamel matrix proteins secrete over dentin matrix

43
Q

When does dentin begin to mineralize?

What else happens?

A

When HERS breaks down and unmineralized dentin matrix + enamel matrix proteins contacts cells of the dental follicle. Cells of dental follicle differentiate into cementoblasts

44
Q

What is the first type of cementum formed?

Description?

A

Fibrillar cementum

Cementum matrix w/ collagen fibers

45
Q

Remnants of HERS is ____

A

Epithelial rests of Mallassez

46
Q

What are Sharpey’s fibers?

A

Collagen fiber bundles from PDL that become entrapped in cementum and bone matrix

47
Q

Where else are Sharpey’s fibers found?

A

Insertions of tendons and ligaments into bone

48
Q

What is bundle bone?

Where is it found?

A

Bundles of collagen fibers in bone

Tendon/ligament insertions into bone + Alveolar socket

49
Q

Collagen fibers are ___ and ____ numerous in cementum. ___ and ____ numerous in bone

A

Thinner
More
Thicker
Less

50
Q

How does active eruption occur?

A

PDL fibers oriented more coronally on alveolar bone –> PDL fibroblasts attached to collagen fibers contract –> this pulls the tooth more coronally

51
Q

What forms the reduced enamel epithelium?

A

Flattened inner enamel epithelium

52
Q

What does the REE attach to and with what?

A

Enamel

HD

53
Q

What forms primary epithelial attachment

A

IEE + OEE after stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium break down

54
Q

What forms secondary epithelial attachment?

A

Cells of the oral epithelium as they migrate down over the enamel

55
Q

What is passive eruption?

A

No more active eruption, the secondary epithelial attachment continues to split and recede away from the tooth

56
Q

What forms the gingival sulcus?

A

Split-and-recession process where tooth side epithelial cells abraded to level of CEJ and cells on other side are more coronal

57
Q

What do cementoblasts secrete onto the enamel matrix layer?

A

Type I and III collagen

58
Q

What is the first cementum to be formed?

Characteristics?

A

Primary acellular cementum

  • Intrinsic fibers
  • Produced by cementoblasts
  • Fine fibrillar
59
Q

What effect does Sharpey’s fibers size have on cementum/bone with remodeling?

A

More numerous and smaller on cementum side, so force is more evenly distributed

60
Q

When does secondary cementum formation begin?

A

Once tooth erupts and meets an opposing tooth

61
Q

Where is secondary cementum thickest?

A

Apical region of root

62
Q

Characteristics of secondary cementum?

A

Layers of cellular alternate with layers of acellular cementum

63
Q

When does cementum formation stop?

A

Continues throughout life, especially at apex

64
Q

Where and when is afibrillar cementum formed?

A

Near CEJ overlapping onto enamel

Formed late in the process and often doesn’t last long

65
Q

Extrinsic cementum fibers are made by ____

A

PDL fibroblasts

66
Q

% of enamel and CEJ meeting?

A

65% thin layer of afibrillar cementum over enamel
30% butt joint
5% w/ gap between enamel and cementum

67
Q

Main PDL fiber groups? (6)

A 
Alveolar crest
Horizontal
Oblique
Apical
Radicular
Transseptal
68
Q

What are transseptal fibers?

A
  • Insert from one root to another root

- Run above the alveolar crest group from one tooth to another

69
Q

Gingival fiber groups?

A 
Alveolar crest to gingiva
Dento-alveolar (root to periosteum)
Dento-gingival (root to gingiva)
Circumferential (within gingiva around tooth)
Transseptal
70
Q

What types of collagen are present in the PDL?

A

80% Type 1

20% Type III

71
Q

Other fibers present in PDL besides collagen?

A

Oxytalin (immature elastin) - runs perpendicular to collagen

Elaunin - regulates blood flow

72
Q

What is between fiber bundles in the PDL?

A

Ground substance

  • Laminin
  • Fibronectin (adhesion protein)
  • GAGs
  • Water

Textbook (17 decks)

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