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COPY IGCSE Biology > 7. Human Nutrition (Continued) > Flashcards

7. Human Nutrition (Continued) Flashcards

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1
Q

alimentary canal order

A

mouth, oesophagus,
stomach, small intestine (duodenum and
ileum) and large intestine (colon, rectum,
anus)

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2
Q

what is ingestion

A

taking in of substances

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3
Q

what is digestion

A

breakdown of food

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4
Q

what is absorption

A

the movement of nutrients from

the intestines into the blood

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5
Q

what is assimilation

A

uptake and use of nutrients by

cells

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6
Q

egestion

A

the removal of undigested food

from the body as faeces

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7
Q

what are the two types of digestion

A

mechanical and chemical

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8
Q

what is mechanical digestion

A

breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small insoluble food molecules

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9
Q

what does physical digestion do in relation to surface area

A

physical digestion increases the
surface area of food for the action of enzymes in
chemical digestion

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10
Q

shape and function of incisors

A

chisel-shapes to cut food

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11
Q

shape and function of canines

A

pointed to tear food

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12
Q

shape and function of premolars

A

grind and mash food

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13
Q

shape and function of molars

A

uneven cusps to chew food

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14
Q

shape of enamel

A

hardest tissue made from calcium salts

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15
Q

shape of dentine

A

major part. hard, bone-like contains living cells

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16
Q

shape of pulp cavity

A

red central space containing blood vessels and nerves

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17
Q

shape of gum

A

soft tissue surrounding bone

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18
Q

shape of cement

A

helps attach root to jaw

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19
Q

shape of crown

A

visible portion above the gum

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20
Q

shape of neck

A

layer between crown and root

21
Q

shape of root

A

layer lying below gum

22
Q

what does bili do

A

increase surface area for chemical digestion

23
Q

what is chemical digestion

A

break down
of large insoluble molecules into small soluble
molecules

24
Q

what does amylase do

A

breaks down starch to maltose

25
Q

what does protease do

A

break down protein to amino acids

26
Q

what does lipase do

A

breaks down fats and oils to fatty acids and glycerol

and glycerol

27
Q

what does pepsin do

A

breaks down protein in the acidic conditions of the stomach

conditions of the stomach

28
Q

what does trypsin do

A

breaks down protein in the alkaline conditions of small intestine

conditions of the small intestine

29
Q

where are nutrients absorbed

A

samll intestine

30
Q

what does maltase do

A

maltase breaks down maltose to glucose on
the membranes of the epithelium lining the
small intestine

31
Q

where is amylase secreted

A

salivary glands

pancreas

32
Q

where does amylase act

A

mouth

small intestine

33
Q

where is protease secreted

A

stomach

small intestine

34
Q

where does protease act

A

stomach

small intestine

35
Q

where is lipase secreted

A

pancreas

36
Q

where does lipase act

A

small intestine

37
Q

where is pepsin secreted

A

stomach

38
Q

where does pepsin act

A

stomach

39
Q

where does trypsin act

A

small intestine

40
Q

where is trypsin secreted

A

pancreas

41
Q

what is gastric juice and what does it contain

A

Gastric juice is a mixture secreted in the stomach. It contains hydrochloric acid

42
Q

function of gastric juice

A
  • It provides an acid pH needed for the enzymes there to work.
  • It kills bacteria in food.
43
Q

what is bile

A

alkaline mixture that neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering the duodenum from the stomach, to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action

44
Q

what is the region where nutrients are absorbed

A

small intestine

45
Q

where is water absorbed from

A

small intestine, but some is also absorbed from the colon

46
Q

significance of villi and microvilli

A

further increase the surface area of the small intestine, so that digested food molecules and water can be absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream

47
Q

in a villi, what are the blood capillaries wrapped around in? what is this structure responsible for?

A

lacteal - absorption of fats into the lymphatic system

48
Q

labelled diagram of villi

A
49
Q

essa ta sem pergunta

A

te amo mwuah

COPY IGCSE Biology (24 decks)

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