7. Human Nutrition (and respiration)

Question 1

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 1

It breaks down food into bolus and is where the ingestion of food takes place.

Question 2

What is the function of the salivary glands?

Answer 2

Release amylase rich saliva into mouth which breaks down starch.

Question 3

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 3

Liver produces bile.

Question 4

What is and what is the function of bile?

Answer 4

• alkaline green liquid
• neutralises acidic pH of food from the stomach
• helps emulsify fats (separates fat droplets and increases surface area)

Question 5

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 5

To store bile.

Question 6

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 6

Absorbs nutrients and further digests food.

Question 7

What do villi absorb? How are fats absorbed?

Answer 7

villi absorb water, simple sugars and amino acids

fats absorbed via the lacteal and go into lymphatic system

Question 8

What is the function of the pancreatic juice?

Answer 8

It neutralises the acidic pH of food coming from stomach and has enzymes that assist with digestion.

Question 9

What are the main digestive processes?

Answer 9

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion.

Question 10

What is assimilation?

Answer 10

Movement of digested food molecules into cells that need it.

Question 11

What is absorption?

Answer 11

Movement of small food molecules and ions through the intestinal wall into the blood.

Question 12

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 12

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

Question 13

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 13

glucose –> lactic acid (+ energy)

Question 14

How do the diaphragm muscles change when breathing in and out?

Answer 14

Breathing in: contracts| Breathing out: relaxes

Question 15

How do the external intercostal muscles change when breathing in and out?

Answer 15

Breathing in: contracts| Breathing out: relaxes

Question 16

What are four features of a good respiratory surface?

Answer 16

• thin epithelium- moist surface- large surface area- many capillaries

Question 17

Is there more water vapour in exhaled or inhaled air?

Answer 17

Exhaled air. Always.

Question 18

what is a balanced diet?

Answer 18

A balanced diet contains all the nutrients needed by the body, in the correct amounts to maintain health. It is an important aspect of a healthy lifestyle

Question 19

Source and importance of carbohydrates

Answer 19

Sources:
fruit, vegetables, pasta, bread, potatoes

importance:
provides energy

Question 20

Source and importance of fats and oils

Answer 20

Sources:
avocado, nuts, olive oil, oily fish

importance:
provides energy

Question 21

Source and importance of proteins

Answer 21

Sources:
meat, fish, eggs, beans, pulses, nuts

importance:
growth and repair

Question 22

Source and importance of vitamin C

Answer 22

Sources:
oranges, red peppers, kale, broccoli

importance:
maintains healthy blood vessels, skin, cartilage and bones

helps with wound healing

Question 23

Source and importance of vitamin D

Answer 23

Sources:
salmon, cheese, eggs

importance:
helps to regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body, necessary to keep teeth, bones and muscles healthy

Question 24

Source and importance of iron

Answer 24

Sources:
red meat, beans, nuts

importance:
production of haemoglobin for red blood cells

Question 25

Source and importance of fibre

Answer 25

Sources:
cereals, vegetables, fruit, brown rice, nuts, potatoes

importance:
helps digestion, and helps to move food and faeces along the gut

associated with lower risks of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and bowel cancer

Question 26

Source and importance of water

Answer 26

Sources:
water and drinks

importance:
about 60% of body mass is water, and it is needed in almost every process

Question 27

what causes scurvy

Answer 27

lack of vitamin c

Question 28

what causes rickets

Answer 28

lack of vitamin d