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COPY IGCSE Biology > 4. Biological Molecules > Flashcards

4. Biological Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What are carbohydrates composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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2
Q

What is the simplest form of a carbohydrate?

A

monosaccharide.

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3
Q

What are three large carbohydrate molecules?

A

Starch, glycogen and cellulose.

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4
Q

What are fats composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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5
Q

What molecules make up fats and oils? What do these form?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol. Three fatty acids and one glycerol = triglyceride.

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6
Q

What is a carbohydrate monomer?

A

Monossacharide

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7
Q

What is a carbohydrate polymer?

A

Polyssacharide

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8
Q

What is a fat polymer?

A

Triglyceride

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9
Q

What are proteins composed of?

A

Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen

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10
Q

What is the simplest forms of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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11
Q

What is a protein monomer?

A

Amino acids

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12
Q

What is a protein polymer?

A

Polypeptides

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13
Q

What are examples of protein polymers?

A

Insulin, amylase, dopamine…

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14
Q

How do you test for reducing sugars (glucose)? How do you know if the test was positive or negative?

A

You use Benedict’s solution and a boiling water bath.
Positive: closer to red on the rainbow
Negative: closer to blue on the rainbow

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15
Q

How do you test for fats? How do you know if the test was positive or negative?

A

You use ethanol.
Positive: milky/cloudy
Negative: colorless

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16
Q

How do you test for protein? How do you know if the test was positive or negative?

A

You use Buiret solution.
Positive: purple
Negative: blue

17
Q

How do you test for starch? How do you know if the test was positive or negative?

A

You use iodine.
Positive: blue/black
Negative: orange/brown

18
Q

How do you test for vitamin C? How do you know if the test was positive or negative?

A

You use DCPIP.
Positive: colourless
Negative: blue

19
Q

What does iron do for our body?

A

Produces haemoglobin.

20
Q

What does vitamin C do for our body?

A

It boosts our immune system.

21
Q

What does water do for our bodies?

A

Moves nutrients and waste products throughout the body.

22
Q

What does fiber do for our body?

A

Helps with peristalsis and keeps food running smoothly through the alimentary canal.

23
Q

Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.

A
  • two strands coiled together to form a double helix
  • each strand contains chemicals called bases
  • bonds between pairs of bases hold strands together
  • bases always pair up in the same way: A with T, and C with G
24
Q

monosaccharide

A

the simplest form of a carbohydrate

25
Q

What is one of the simplest carbohydrates?

A

glucose

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