2. Organisation of the organism

Question 1

What structural features do plant and animal cells share?

Answer 1

cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondria
cell membrane
ribosome

Question 2

What structural features do only plant cells have?

Answer 2

cell wall
vacuoles
chloroplasts

Question 3

Describe the structure of a bacterial cell.

Answer 3

cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm (where metabolic reactions take place, lack of mitochondria)
ribosomes
circular DNA
plasmids

Question 4

What are plasmids?

Answer 4

structure in bacterial cell: small loops of DNA containing a few genes that can be transferred to other bacteria.

Question 5

Function of cell wall

Answer 5

provides shape and support, prevents bursting when cell absorbs water

Question 6

Function of cell membrane

Answer 6

controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell - partially permeable membrane (allows only some molecules to pass through)

Question 7

Function of nucleus

Answer 7

controls all the activities of the cell (the cell’s metabolism)

Question 8

Function of the cytoplasm

Answer 8

site of many chemical reactions that take place in the cell

Question 9

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 9

site of photosynthesis in the cell
may contain starch grains that act as food stores

Question 10

Function of ribosomes

Answer 10

site of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 11

Function of mitochondria

Answer 11

site of aerobic respiration, releases energy for the cell

Question 12

Function of vacuoles

Answer 12

help the cell to stay rigid, some substances can be stored in them

Question 13

What is circular DNA and its function?

Answer 13

chromosomal DNA found in bacteria, contains genetic material

Question 14

How are new cells produced?

Answer 14

division of existing cells

Question 15

Function of ciliated cells

Answer 15

movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi

Question 16

Function of root hair cells

Answer 16

absorption of water and mineral ions

Question 17

Function of palisade mesophyll cells

Answer 17

photosynthesis

Question 18

Function of neurones

Answer 18

conduction of electrical impulses

Question 19

Function of red blood cells

Answer 19

transport of oxygen

Question 20

Function of sperm and egg cells (gametes)

Answer 20

reproduction

Question 21

What is a cell?

Answer 21

smallest basic unit of living organisms

Question 22

What is a tissue?

Answer 22

group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function

Question 23

What is an organ?

Answer 23

structure made up of a group of tissues working together to perform specific functions

Question 24

What is an organ system?

Answer 24

group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions

Question 25

What is an organism?

Answer 25

organ systems, each with different functions, working in a coordinated way

Question 26

Magnification =

Answer 26

image size ÷ actual size

Question 27

How can you convert between millimetres (mm) and micrometres (μm)?

Answer 27

micrometers = millimeters × 1,000

Question 28

small loops of DNA containing a few genes that can be transferred to other bacteria

Answer 28

plasmids

Question 29

chromosomal DNA found in bacteria, contains genetic material

Answer 29

circular DNA