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RT 210 > 7. Film Processing > Flashcards

7. Film Processing Flashcards

1
Q

THE PROCESSING AREA

2 main sections:

A
  1. Processing section

2. Viewing section

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2
Q

Most modern medical imaging departments use

______ and most of these are _____

A

automatic processors,

daylight processors

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3
Q

The basic components of a darkroom include:

A
  1. ) An automatic processor
  2. ) Workbench
  3. ) A film bin
  4. ) Storage shelves
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4
Q

Only 1 side is located inside the darkroom

A

Automatic processor

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5
Q

where the cassettes are placed for unloading and loading of film

A

Workbench

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6
Q

Top surface should be made of a durable, static-resistant material.

A

Workbench

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7
Q

is used to store films that have been removed from their light-tight boxes in which are shipped

A

Film bin

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8
Q

They are placed in the ___ so they can be easily accessed

to re-load emptied cassettes

A

bin

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9
Q

contains individual slots that vary in depth

and hold various sizes of radiographic film

A

film bin

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10
Q

The largest films are placed in the ____ slot while the

smallest films are placed in the ___

A

front,

back

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11
Q

are commonly located either under the

workbench

A

Storage shelves

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12
Q

These shelves are used to store boxes of

radiographic films

A

Storage shelves

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13
Q

Darkrooms have

2 types of lights:

A

White lights and

Safelights

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14
Q

are used for equipment repair and darkroom cleaning

A

White lights

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15
Q

are used during film processing to provide
enough illumination for personnel to see but protect the
film that has been removed from the cassettes and film
bin from light fog

A

Safelights

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16
Q

Safelights use either a _____ incandescent

bulb recessed within a metallic light fixture

A

7.5-watt or 15-watt

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17
Q

A special colored ____ is attached to the front of the

light fixture to prevent white light from reaching the film

A

filter

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18
Q

The most commonly used radiographic film is

______

A

orthochromatic

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19
Q

orthochromatic is very sensitive to all colors except ___

A

red

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20
Q

The safelight filter commonly used in conventional radiographic darkrooms is the ___

A

GBX-2 filter

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21
Q

This increased sensitivity to safelight illumination is

called ______

A

latensification

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22
Q

Fogging of film by safelight illumination after it has

been radiographically exposed is called _______

A

post-exposure fog

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23
Q

appears as an undesirable supplemental blanket of density on the processed radiographic image

A

post-exposure fog

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24
Q

are commonly mounted in the darkroom

either on the ceiling or directly over the film feed tray of the automatic processor

A

Safelights

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25
Q

The safelight should be mounted at least ____ from the feed tray or work bench when a 7.5-watt bulb is used

A

3 feet

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26
Q

____ for a 15-watt bulb from the feed tray or work

bench to avoid fogging the film

A

4 feet

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27
Q

It usually takes less than a _____ to either remove a
radiographically exposed film from its cassette and feed it into the processor or to remove an unexposed film
from the film bin and place it in a cassette

A

minute

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28
Q

The darkroom should also be checked regularly for

_____ coming from outside when its door is closed

A

white-light leaks

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29
Q

The filters on the safelights should also be checked for _____

A

white-light leaks

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30
Q

The walls of the darkroom can be painted with any

color; a _____ is not necessary

A

dark color

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31
Q

The illumination intensity and hue existing in the

darkroom is controlled by the ______; the color of the walls has little or no effect and does not fog the film

A

safelight

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32
Q

can also fog the film in the darkroom if the

film is not protected

A

X-radiation

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33
Q

If the darkroom is located next to a radiographic room,
the walls must be ____ to prevent x-rays from
entering and fogging the film

A

lead-lined

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34
Q

used to protect the film from x-rays are inefficient toward stopping the highly penetrating
gamma radiation emitted by radioactive
pharmaceuticals

A

Lead-lined walls

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35
Q

The optimal temperature for unused film is _____

A

50-70 °F

36
Q

the optimal relative humidity range is ____ in order to prevent film fog and emulsion damage

A

40-60 °F (40-60%)

37
Q

If a film is stored in the darkroom, a separate

_____ should be attached to one of its inside walls

A

thermostat

38
Q

Once the desired temperature is set, a _____ should be
placed over the thermostat to prevent any further
adjustments

A

lockbox

39
Q

are stored either inside or outside the darkroom and are used to replenish the processing
chemicals in the automatic processor

A

Processing chemicals

40
Q

Chemicals can either be stored in large round plastic

tanks called _______ or in smaller rectangular plastic jugs

A

replenishment tanks

41
Q

The jugs must be manually

emptied into the tanks of a special _____ device

A

caddy

42
Q

When the levels of the replenishing chemicals in the caddy tanks fall
below a certain level, a _____ is triggered by a floating bellow
device positioned in each tank

A

microswitch

43
Q

When the bellows falls to certain level, the ______ sends an

electrical signal to illuminate a small light indicating that more chemicals are needed

A

microswitch

44
Q

The rectangular plastic jugs containing processing chemicals are inverted and placed on top of the ____ system, where sharp
pointed metal tubes project upward

A

caddy

45
Q

When the foil membranes that cover the opening of the jug are punctured, processing chemicals spill into the ____ tanks

A

caddy

46
Q

Located in the vicinity of the replenishment tanks is a _____

A

silver recovery unit

47
Q

Silver recovery units are designed to reclaim silver from the processor’s ___ tank

A

fixer

48
Q

removes unexposed silver halide and placed along the waste lines

A

silver recovery

49
Q

metallic silver will fuse to the iron in the wool

A

Glass jar with a steel wool cartridge

50
Q

metal plates with current flowing through them and metallic silver binds to the plates

A

Electrolysis

51
Q

similar to most room doors

A

Single-hinged door

52
Q

A manual locking knob or latch prevents personnel outside of the
darkroom from opening the darkroom door when films are being
processed or when the film bin is open

A

Single-hinged door

53
Q

simplest and cheapest

A

Single-hinged door

54
Q

weather stripping around the door frame

A

Single-hinged door

55
Q

this type can cause accidental exposure of film to white light

A

Single-hinged door

56
Q

offers much more protection than single-door entrance

A

Double-door entrance

57
Q

has two doors: one leading in and other out with a short hallway between

A

Double-door entrance

58
Q

one door cannot be opened unless the other is closed

A

Double-door entrance

59
Q

this type can cause trapping

A

Double-door entrance

60
Q

makes up approximately ¾ of the circle

A

Sliding curved revolving door

61
Q

It is bordered by, and glides within, two 360-degree tracks; one attached to the ceiling and one attached to the floor

A

Sliding curved revolving door

62
Q

does not use a door at all. Instead, there is a minimum of 2 hallways that run parallel to each other

A

Maze-type entrance

63
Q

At the end of the first hallway, there is a 180-degree turn into the next hallway. At the end of the second hallway there is an opening 90 degrees either to the right or left, depending on the
design.

A

Maze-type entrance

64
Q

allows persons to enter and exit the darkroom with no risk of film fogging, but requires a large area for its layout

A

Maze-type entrance

65
Q

wall-mounted, strategically placed between
the radiographic rooms and the darkroom or between
the viewing area and the darkroom

A

Passbox

66
Q

After radiographic films are processed, they are hung on a _______ that contains spring-loaded tension clamps at the top that hold the upper
edge of the film

A

viewbox or film illuminator (negatoscope)

67
Q

The _____ base of radiographic film provides the rigidity needed to facilitate the insertion of the film into these tension clamps

A

polyester

68
Q

contain multiple fluorescent bulbs

A

Viewboxes

69
Q

come in a variety of sizes and design

A

Viewboxes

70
Q

Viewboxes may be either ______

A

fixed or motorized

71
Q

can only hold films that are currently being

viewed

A

Fixed viewbox

72
Q

When activated, a built-in motor moves the viewing banks until the desired radiographic study appears

A

Motorized viewbox

73
Q

The exterior and interior surfaces of a viewbox’s

_____ cover should be cleaned periodically

A

Plexiglas

74
Q

The ___ of the viewbox is also important for proper

viewing of radiographs

A

hue

75
Q

Since the Plexiglas covers gradually become discolored, the illumination should be checked _____, or when the bulbs are changed, to ensure proper viewing conditions

A

semiannually

76
Q

The light intensity units measured a light meter/photometer are called _____

A

lux or foot-candles

77
Q

A typical radiographic film viewbox should have a

minimum luminance of _____

A

5382 lux, or 500 foot-candles

78
Q

When 1 bulb burns out in a viewbox bank, ___ bulbs should be replaced using the same brand and type of bulbs

A

all

79
Q

Special lights called _____ are used by radiologists to
evaluate radiographic images that are either grossly overexposed or to evaluate a specific area of the anatomical
image that is overexposed relative to surrounding areas

A

Hotlights

80
Q

are constructed similarly to safelights;
however, they do not have a filter and the bulb is
generally a high-wattage incandescent bulb

A

Hotlights

81
Q

The primary purpose of radiographic processing is to deposit enough black
metallic silver at the _____ sites in film to permit a permanent visible
image to form

A

latent image

82
Q

Processing of a radiograph involves four primary steps: ______
and two archiving steps—______

A

developing, fixing,

washing and drying

83
Q

Quality control experts agree that _______ is the most sensitive and
variable factor in the production of a radiograph

A

film processing

84
Q

are accomplished in solutions that combine

numerous chemicals

A

Developing and fixing

85
Q

involves a two-step process of washing and

drying the radiograph for use as a medical record

A

Archiving

RT 210 (9 decks)

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