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RT 210 > 6. Cassettes > Flashcards

6. Cassettes Flashcards

1
Q

is any type of holder used to
protect and transport the radiographic film as it travels
through the medical imaging department & other parts
of the medical facility.

A

radiographic cassette

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2
Q

CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY CASSETTES

A

conventional or computed

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3
Q

use standard radiographic film

A

Conventional cassettes

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4
Q

use no film

A

Computed radiography cassettes

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5
Q

With conventional cassettes, an image is projected onto

a sheet of film, and for this reason the process is referred to as

A 
projection radiography (or sometimes as
conventional radiography)
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6
Q

Conventional cassettes can be either

A

grid or nongrid

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7
Q

A grid in the ____ of the cassette absorbs
scattered & secondary radiation emitted from the
patient

A

front panel

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8
Q

are the most common type

found in medical imaging departments

A

Conventional cassettes

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9
Q

Since the sensitivity of radiographic film to direct x-ray exposure is ____, a very large exposure and
radiation dose to the patient is necessary to produce an adequate image

A

very low

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10
Q

The x-rays coming from the x-ray tube, carrying
anatomical information from the patient, either are
converted into _____ the film

A

light energy or directly expose

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11
Q

Approximately ____ of the image is produced from light exposure, and less than ____ is produced by direct x-ray exposure

A

90-99%,

1-10%

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12
Q

Cassettes have 3 main purposes:

A
  1. ) Keep the intensifying screens and film in close contact with one another
  2. ) Protect the screens and film from physical damage
  3. ) Protect the film from being exposed externally
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13
Q

X-ray cassette parts

A
  • Lead blocker
  • Front intensifying screen
  • Sliding shutter for use with patient identification cameras
  • Back intensifying screen
  • Lead foil
  • Foam pressure pad
  • Hinge
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14
Q

In a typical radiographic cassette, the frame is

made of ____, or in some models, heavy ____

A

aluminum, steel,

plastic

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15
Q

The front & back panels are ___ on one side to allow the cassette to be opened and closed, similar to a book.

A

hinged

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16
Q

Common front panel materials include ______ of the x-rays

A

absorption

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17
Q

•Common front panel materials include

A

plastic, carbon fiber, bakelite, aluminum & magnesium

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18
Q

The back panel of the cassette is commonly made of

A

aluminum, stainless steel, or plastic

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19
Q

The inside wall of the back panel is lined with a ____ that allows primary x-rays to exit from the tube but inhibits the entry of weaker, scattered x-rays emanating
from objects behind the cassette

A

lead foil

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20
Q

That the primary beam can pass through this lead shield is apparent when the cassette is inadvertently placed in
its holder _____ when a radiographic image is
produced, generally during portable radiography.

A

upside down

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21
Q

This incorrect positioning of the cassette produces some rather obvious _____ on the radiographic image,
showing the structural components of the back of the cassette within the anatomical image

A

artifacts

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22
Q

Causes _____: Poor processing conditions, improper

film handling, patient clothing and jewelry, and dirt or other foreign matter on cassette screens and film

A

artifacts

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23
Q

There are 2 types of conventional radiographic cassettes:

A

Dual-screen and single-screen

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24
Q

are designed for use with

radiographic film having 2 emulsions, or dual-emulsion film

A

Dual-screen cassettes

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25
Q

are designed for use with film having 1 emulsion, or single-emulsion film.

A

Single-screen cassettes

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26
Q

the front and back panels are lined with a felt, plastic foam, or rubber material that serves as a backing to which the screens are attached

A

Dual-screen cassette

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27
Q

there is only 1 screen attached

to the inside of the front panel

A

Single-emulsion cassette

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28
Q

Another function of the _____ material is to exert a gentle, even pressure on the screens as they touch the film

A

backing

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29
Q

A small door that slides open and shut is commonly located in __ corner of the back panel of the cassette

A

1

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30
Q

The device opens the door & flashes a light that passes through the patient’s identification card, exposing that
corner of the film to the _____

A

pertinent information

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31
Q

The area of the sliding door is completely devoid of _____ material, as it must allow visible light from the patient identification camera to enter and expose the
film

A

screen

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32
Q

To avoid light exposure to this corner of the film from
the front screen during a radiographic exposure, the
corresponding corner of the front screen is devoid of _____ & is covered instead by a small strip of the _____

A

phosphor material,

lead

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33
Q

Radiographers should orient the cassette in such a way so as to avoid placing the ____ under important anatomy or identification markers.

A

lead blocker

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34
Q

Instead of a sliding door, some cassettes have a small slot in one corner into which is inserted the illuminating tab, covered by an ______ , of a light flashing device

A

identification card

35
Q

Cassettes that are loaded with film in a darkroom have _____ to allow the cassette to be opened or closed

A

metal hinges

36
Q

the speed at which the screens or screens convert x-rays to visible light

A

screen speed

37
Q

Cassettes are usually labeled to indicate their

A

screen speed

38
Q

To provide easy identification of speed, some manufacturers provide a _____ on cassettes used for specific applications such as extremity radiography

A

colored edge

39
Q

Other labeling includes the size of the cassette and an
______ to produce a radiographic image, the technologist sees to it that the cassette’s identification number is repeated on the film used to record the image

A

identification number

40
Q

_____ the film this way is accomplished either by
placing adhesive numerals corresponding to the
cassette’s identification # on the front screen of the
cassette or handwriting the numerals on the screen using a permanent black marker

A

Marking

41
Q

Characteristics of a Good Cassette

A
  1. ) Lightweight, durable
  2. ) Smooth, washable surfaces
  3. ) Not easily bent
  4. ) Lightproof
  5. ) Capable of maintaining good screen-film contact
  6. ) Can be opened and closed easily
  7. ) Smooth, rounded edges and corners
42
Q

are designed to decrease the distance between a body part and the film when the body-part plane & film plane are not parallel

A

Curved Cassettes

43
Q

a curved cassette includes a convexly curved ______

and a concavely curved

A

front panel,

back panel

44
Q

are used with rotational dental units to provide a

panoramic view of the entire mandible and teeth

A

Flexible Cassettes

45
Q

The cassette is actually a black plastic envelope with a flap at one end that is fastened with plastic snaps or Velcro

A

Flexible Cassettes

46
Q

Are those that are used with daylight film systems

A

Daylight Cassettes

47
Q

Needs special type of cassettes, which can be opened by the mechanical system of the machine

A

Kodak daylight processor

48
Q

Has a barcode attached to indicate the size of the film to be used

A

Kodak daylight processor

49
Q

The construction of a ______ is similar to that of a cassette that must be handled in a darkroom

A

daylight cassette

50
Q

are generally used with a daylight film-loading unit attached to a wall inside or directly outside a radiographic room

A

Daylight cassettes

51
Q

This type of cassette is inserted into an automatic

daylight-processing unit, the cassette is mechanically opened, the film retrieved, and a new film inserted

A

Daylight cassettes

52
Q

In some daylight cassettes, small release buttons located

on the end corners allow the film to ______

A

slide out

53
Q

Differ from all other types of conventional nongrid

cassettes in one respect: have only 1 screen

A

Mammography Cassettes

54
Q

Some mammography cassettes have a ______ front panel to minimize absorption of the x-ray beam

A

polycarbonate-polystyrene

55
Q

Another unique characteristic of mammography cassettes is the _____ of their frames

A

width

56
Q

Another less commonly used type of mammography cassette is called a

A

vacuum cassette

57
Q

the air is drawn out of the
cassette after the film has been inserted to provide
optimal screen-film contact

A

vacuum cassette

58
Q

There are 2 types of vacuum cassettes:

A

1.) It has a built-in vacuum valve and an internal
envelope that holds the film
2.) The second type of vacuum cassette is polyethylene
bag that can be loaded with a film, evacuated, and
heat-seated

59
Q

The ____ of conventional grid cassettes is similar to

the design of conventional nongrid cassettes with 1 main exception

A

design

60
Q

A grid of lead strips, arranged either ______ in the front panel is used to absorb wide angle scattered and secondary radiation coming from
the patient

A

linearly or crosshatched

61
Q

Grids are classified according to their

A

ratio, frequency, & focal range

62
Q

are typically heavier & slightly deeper

than nongrid cassettes

A

Grid cassettes

63
Q

Most _____ do not provide a way to flash patient identification data on the film while it is still in the cassette

A

grid cassettes

64
Q

can also be used with nongrid cassette

A

Slip-on grids

65
Q

These grids have a slotted frame into which a cassette is inserted

A

Slip-on grids

66
Q

is a relatively new technology that has been adopted by

many health care facilities throughout the world

A

Computed Radiography Cassettes

67
Q

A cassette is used, but there are no screens or

radiographic film

A

Computed Radiography Cassettes

68
Q

A cassette is used, but there are no screens or
radiographic film
-Instead, a ______ is
used

A

photostimulable-phosphor image plate

69
Q

The main purpose of the cassette is to

A

protect the image

plate from damage

70
Q

The frame of the computed radiography cassette is made of

A

lightweight aluminum, plastic or steel

71
Q

With ______, radiographic

cassettes can provide many years of service

A

proper handling & treatment

72
Q

If handled in a ____, the frame may be dent,

the hinges may be sprung or bent, and the front or back panel may be dented

A

rough manner

73
Q

There are several causes of poor screen-film contact, which presents on the finished radiograph as an area of ______

A

poor detail or a blurred area

74
Q

The cause is usually misuse or dropping of the cassette, resulting in either a sprung frame or in loosened or broken hinges or latched

A

poor screen-film contact

75
Q

Other causes are a warped front panel, warped screens
due to excessive moisture, worn screen backing, and
foreign particulate matter between the screens & film

A

poor screen-film contact

76
Q

Some causes of poor screen-film contact are

A

transient

77
Q

Included in this category : air trapped between the film and a screen & the temporary bending of the cassette under the weight of heavy patients

A

transient poor screen-film contact

78
Q

Air may be trapped between a screen & the film as a radiographer hurriedly loads a film & slams the cassette
shut

A

transient poor screen-film contact

79
Q

Bending of the cassette under a heavy patient is

_____ because once the cassette is removed, it will return to its normal shape

A

transient

80
Q

Cassettes may be tested for poor screen-film contact using a _____ enclosed in a thin sheet of _____

A 
wire mesh (usually 3/16 in. squares),
Plexiglas
81
Q

The radiographic image of the wire mesh will appear _____ in areas where screen-film contact is poor

A

ill-defined (unsharp)

82
Q

If the screens are damaged, they can be _____ and the cassette salvaged

A

replaced

83
Q

Another problem encountered with cassettes is radiographer error in selecting the ______

A

correct speed

RT 210 (9 decks)

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