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RT 210 > 2. Radiographic Room Equipment > Flashcards

2. Radiographic Room Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

RADIOGRAPHIC ROOM

EQUIPMENT

A
  • Safe lights
  • Film
  • Intensifying Screens
  • Hangers
  • Processing Tanks
  • Dryers
  • Automatic Film Processors
  • Silver Recovery System
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2
Q

are used to

hold the films in position for processing and for drying purposes

A

Clip-type hangers

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3
Q

Holds the chemicals and washing water for

processing the x-ray films

A

Processing Tanks

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4
Q

The ______ and ______ must always be kept

separate in their own tanks

A

developer,

fixer

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5
Q

swells the emulsion to permit subsequent chemical penetration

A

Wetting

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6
Q

produces a visible image from the latent image

A

Developing

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7
Q

terminates development and removes excess chemical from the emulsion

A

Rinsing in stop bath

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8
Q

removes remaining silver halide from emulsion and hardens gelatin

A

Fixing

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9
Q

removes excess chemicals

A

Washing

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10
Q

removes water and prepares radiograph for viewing

A

Drying

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11
Q

Manual Wetting

A

15s

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12
Q

Manual Developing

A

5 min

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13
Q

Manual Rinsing in stop bath

A

30s

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14
Q

Manual Fixing

A

15 min

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15
Q

Manual Washing

A

20 min

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16
Q

Manual Drying

A

30 min

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17
Q

Automatic Wetting

A

0

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18
Q

Automatic Developing

A

22s

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19
Q

Automatic Rinsing in stop bath

A

0

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20
Q

Automatic Fixing

A

22s

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21
Q

Automatic Washing

A

20s

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22
Q

Automatic Drying

A

26s

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23
Q

For the chemicals to penetrate the

film it must first be treated by a

A

wetting agent

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24
Q

The wetting agent is
_____, and it penetrates the emulsion of the film, causing it to
swell

A

water

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25
Q

Converts latent image to a manifest or visible image

A

Developing

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26
Q

faster and produces gray densities

A

Phenidone

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27
Q

slower and produces

black densities

A

Hydroquinone

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28
Q

reducing agent; produces shades of gray rapidly

A

Phenidone (Developing agent)

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29
Q

reducing agent; produces black tones slowly

A

Hydroquinone (Developing agent)

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30
Q

helps swell gelatin; produces alkalinity; controls pH (Developer)

A

Sodium carbonate (Activator)

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31
Q

antifog agent; protects unexposed crystals from chemical attack (Developer)

A

Potassium bromide (Restainer)

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32
Q

controls oxidation; maintains balance among developer components (Developer)

A

Sodium sulfite (Preservative)

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33
Q

controls emulsion swelling and enhances archival quality (Developer)

A

Glutaraldehyde (Hardener)

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34
Q

removes metallic impurities; stabilizes developing agent (Developer)

A

Chelates (Sequestering agent)

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35
Q

dissolves chemicals for use (Developer)

A

Water (Solvent)

36
Q

Removes unexposed silver halide from
film; stops the development process;
hardens the emulsion

37
Q

neutralizes the developer and stops its action (Fixer)

A

Acetic acid (Activator)

38
Q

removes undeveloped silver bromine from emulsion (Fixer)

A

Ammonium thiosulfate (Fixing agent)

39
Q

stiffens and shrinks emulsion (Fixer)

A

Potassium alum (Hardener)

40
Q

maintains chemical balance (Fixer)

A

Sodium sulfite (Preservative)

41
Q

maintains proper pH (Fixer)

A

Acetate (Buffer)

42
Q

removes aluminum ions (Fixer)

A

Boric acids and salts (Sequestering agent)

43
Q

dissolves other components (Fixer)

A

Water (Solvent)

44
Q

Removes fixing solution from surface of film

45
Q

Maintaining the archival (long-term)
quality of radiographs requires most of the
_____ agent to be removed (washed) from the film

46
Q

______ of the permanent image results when too much thiosulfate
remains on the film

A

Staining or fading

47
Q

The purpose of drying films is to remove
______ of the moisture from the film so
that it can be easily handled and stored
while maintaining the quality of the diagnostic image

48
Q

Is designed to remove moisture from the x-ray film using heat (e.g., forced warm air) after the
film has been developed, fixed, and washed

A

Film Dryer

49
Q

is a device that includes chemical tanks, a roller
transport system, and a dryer system for the
processing of radiographic film

A

Automatic Processors

50
Q

Automatic Processors was introduced in ____ by

A

1942,

Pako

51
Q

introduced

the first roller transport system

A

1956 Eastman Kodak Company

52
Q

introduced

the 90-second rapid processing

A

1965 Eastman Kodak Company

53
Q

Automatic Processor Principal Components

A
  • Transport system
  • Temperature control system
  • Circulation system
  • Replenishment system
  • Dryer system
54
Q

flat metal surface with an edge on
either side that permits the film to easily enter
the processor while remaining correctly aligned

55
Q

provides power for the transport system

A

Drive motor

56
Q

a curved metal lip with smooth

grooves guides the film around the bend

A

Guide shoe

57
Q

move the film through the processor

58
Q

grips the film to begin

to begin its trip through the processor

A

Entrance rollers

59
Q

1” diameter rollers

that convey the film along its path

A

Transport Rollers

60
Q

3 ” diameter rollers are
used when the film makes a turn in the
processor

A

Master roller

61
Q

The developer, fixer, and wash require precise ________

A

temperature control

62
Q

is the most critical temperature

A

Developer temperature

63
Q

Developer temperature is usually maintained at

A

33.8 - 35°C (93 - 95°F)

64
Q

Wash water is maintained at

A

3°C (5°F) lower

65
Q

continuously pumps the
developer and the fixer maintaining constant
agitation within each tank

A

Circulation system

66
Q

Washtank circulation system

A

12 L/min (3gal/min)

67
Q

the replacement of fresh chemicals after

chemical losses during processing

A

Replenishment System

68
Q

_____ mL of developer and _____ mL of

fixer for every ___ of film

A

60-70,
100 - 110,
35

69
Q

extracts all residual

moisture from the processed radiograph, so it drops into the receiving bin dry

A

Dryer System

70
Q

refers to the removal of silver from used fixer solution

A

Silver Recovery

71
Q

Two methods of Silver Recovery:

A
  • Metallic replacement

- Electrolytic method

72
Q

Metallic replacement types:

A
  • Steel wool

- Silver-extraction filter

73
Q

When an electron is given up by a chemical, in this case the developer, to neutralize a positive ion, the process is called

74
Q

The silver ion is said to be reduced to metallic silver, and the chemical responsible
for this is called a

A

reducing agent

75
Q

The opposite of reduction is

76
Q

Oxidation and reduction

occur simultaneously and are called

A

redox reactions

77
Q

The principal component of the developer is

A

hydroquinone

78
Q

Secondary constituents of developer are

A

phenidone and

metol

79
Q

The shape of the characteristic curve is controlled by the developing agents. Phenidone controls the ___ and
hydroquinone controls the ____

A

toe,

shoulder

80
Q

restrict the

action of the developing agent to only those silver halide crystals that have been irradiated

A

Restrainers

81
Q

Without the restrainer,
even those crystals that have not been exposed are reduced to metallic silver. This results in an increased fog that is called

A

development fog

82
Q

is also included in the developer to control the oxidation of the developing agent by air

A

preservative

83
Q

Air is introduced into the chemistry when it is mixed, handled, and stored; such oxidation is called

A

aerial oxidation

84
Q

controls swelling and softening of the

emulsion

85
Q

The chemical used in the stop bath is

A

acetic acid

86
Q

is the term used to describe the undesirable retention of the fixer in the emulsion

A

Hypo retention

87
Q

is a heating coil that is immersed in the bottoms of the

developer and fixer tanks

A

immersion heater

RT 210 (9 decks)

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