7. Eating Disorders Flashcards
Diagnostic Criteria: Restriction of energy intake, intense fear of weight gain or becoming fat even as significantly low weight, disturbance in perception of body weight or shape (not recognising seriousness of current low weight)
Anorexia nervosa
Subtypes of Anorexia
Restricting type (Dieting, fasting, excessive exercise),
Binge-eating/purging type (Binge eating or purging, using laxatives, diuretics, enemas)
Severity specifiers for Anorexia (BMI):
Mild:
Moderate:
Severe:
Extreme
Mild: >17
Moderate: 16-16.99
Severe: 15-15.99
Extreme: <15
Anorexia: when weight is at least ___% below expected body weight, or BMI of ___ or less (in adults)
15%; 17.5
_______ Symptoms of Anorexia: refusal to eat, obsessive interest in food, eating alone, limited menu of acceptable foods
Behavioural
_______ Symptoms of anorexia: amenorrhea, dry skin, fatigue, constipation
Physical
DF: All the criteria for Anorexia Nervosa are met except despite significant weight loss, the individual’s weight is within or above the normal range
Atypical Anorexia Nervosa
Most common eating disorder, often underreported/recognised, recurrent episodes of Binge eating without compensatory behaviours, doesn’t meet criteria for AN or BN
Binge eating disorder
DF: Alternation between periods of extreme dietary restraint and episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviours
Bulimia nervosa
DF: Consumption in a short period of time with quantities that definitely exceeds what normal people would eat
Binge eating
Prompts of __________:
- Excessive dietary restraint
- All or nothing approach to dietary choices
- Negative mood states
- Reactions to interpersonal difficulties or stress
Binge eating
Severity Specifiers for Bulimia (Average No. Of Compensatory Behaviours per Week)
Mild:__-__
Moderate:__-__
Severe:__-__
Extreme:__
Mild: 1-3
Moderate: 4-7
Severe: 8-13
Extreme: 14+
Examples of Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders (OSFED)
Atypical Anorexia Nervosa,
Bulimia Nervosa (low frequency/limited duration),
Binge Eating Disorder,
Purging Disorder,
Night eating syndrome
Lifetime prevalence of any ED:
Males:__%
Females__%
2.2%; 8.4%
Lifetime prevalence of OSFED:
Males:__%
Females__%
3.6%; 4.8%
Theory that the human body has a predetermined weight or fat mass range
Set Point Theory
Assessment tools for EDs
Screening Tools like SCOFF and EDE-QS, Self-report questionnaires, Structures clinical interviews like EDE or SCID-5
3 Outcomes of Minnesota Starvation Study (1944) after 3 months of re-feeding
- Lean tissue took longer to recover than fat tissues
- 12 weeks of insatiable appetite and preoccupations with food
- Small number still overeating after 8 months
Characteristics of Starvation Syndrome
- Physical Changes (Metabolism)
- Personality Changes (Irritability,
Food Preoccupation) - Social Behaviour changes
_____ treatment strategies for EDs:
- Establish regular eating
- Anticipate triggers
- Setting aside eating as an activity
- Planned shopping
Behavioural
_____ treatment strategies for EDs:
- Address all or nothing thinking
- Discuss affective judgement
- Explore values associated with weight
- Development of more flexible and tolerant personal philosophy
Cognitive
Key Treatment Components of CBT-ED
- Weekly in-session weighing
- Normalising eating behaviours
- Body acceptance
- Exposure - facing fears to challenge unhelpful/false beliefs
- Other general CBT Strategies e.g. Thought diaries, behavioural experiments
Causes of eating disorders
Genetic vulnerability,
Environmental triggers, Epigenetics
Disordered eating is either ___, or ___, and often oscillating between the two
Overly rigid and inflexible; Chaotic and out of control
