11. Health Psychology and Chronic Pain

Question 1

DF: Pain of recent onset which usually diminishes with appropriate medical treatment

Answer 1

Acute pain

Question 2

DF: Pain that persists beyond the usual time of recovery, is often difficult to localise and response poorly to medical interventions

Answer 2

Chronic pain

Question 3

_________ Perspective on Pain: Pain occurs where there is bodily damage

Answer 3

Biomedical

Question 4

_________ Perspective on Pain: pain is a physical expression of psychological distress

Answer 4

Psychogenic

Question 5

_________ Factors on Pain: pain can occur as a result of secondary gains

Answer 5

Motivational

Question 6

_________ Factors on Pain: Expression of pain is culture specific and modelled in the family

Answer 6

Social

Question 7

_________ Factors on Pain: Beliefs about control over pain, severity of disability and beliefs about treatment

Answer 7

Cognitive

Question 8

Health related behaviours that impact chronic disease: SNAP Risks

Answer 8

Smoking
Nutrition
Alcohol
Physical activity (lack of)

Question 9

DF: Application of behavioural science to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of medical problems

Answer 9

Behavioural medicine

Question 10

DF: Study and intervention of psychological factors that are important to promotion and maintenance of health, sub speciality of behavioural medicine

Answer 10

Health Psychology

Question 11

___ Pathways to Illness/Disease:
Challenging emotions (‘negative emotions’) increase likelihood of risky behaviours, impact biological process directly

Answer 11

Psychosocial

Question 12

DF: Physical and/or psychological tension in response to internal or external forces

Answer 12

Stress

Question 13

Psychological stress leads to ___ activation and increased ___ production and, if sustained overtime, this can result in brain changes e.g. Cell death in hippocampus

Answer 13

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA);
Cortisol

Question 14

___Theory: The brain plays an active, dynamic role in the sensory experience of pain through a gating mechanism controlling the amount of pain signals that reach the brain. ___ opens the gate and ___ closes the gate.

Answer 14

Gate Control Theory of Pain;
Anxiety;
Happiness/engagement

Question 15

The Biopsychosocial Model of Pain:
Pain experience arises from a dynamic interaction between ___, ___, and ___ Factors.

Answer 15

Biological; Psychological; Social

Question 16

Prevalence of chronic pain worldwide is estimated to be ___%

Answer 16

20%

Question 17

___ are functionally the communicative expression of pain

Answer 17

Pain behaviours

Question 18

Pain Behavious:
1. Statements such as “I am hurting”: ___
2. Grunts, Moans, Sighs: ___
3. Grimacing, wincing, limping, resting, taking medication, seeking care: ___

Answer 18

1. Verbal
2. Paraverbal
3. Nonverbal

Question 19

Psychological response of pain catastrophising and behavioural response of pain Avoidance lead to persistent pain

Answer 19

Fear-Avoidance model of pain

Question 20

Pain Catastrophising is characterised by:

Answer 20

Unhelpful pain appraisals

Question 21

Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation in individuals with comorbid chronic pain and depression is approximately ___%

Answer 21

20%

Question 22

Gold standard approach to treating Chronic pain

Answer 22

Multidisciplinary care:
Physician, physiotherapy, psychology

Question 23

Behavioural Therapies for Chronic Pain

Answer 23

1. CBT
2. Mindfulness Based CBT (MBCT)
3. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Act)
4. Functional Therapy (CBT + Physiotherapy)

Question 24

CBT vs ACT for managing unhelpful thoughts

Answer 24

CBT: Change content, reframe, and dispute thoughts to alleviate challenging emotions
ACT: Notice, accept, and change relationship with thoughts and emotions to focus energy on values-driven behaviours

Question 25

An active, purposeful process in response to thought and feelings about the experience of pain

Answer 25

Acceptance of Pain