10. ADHD and Conduct Disorders

Question 1

DF: Psychopathology usually directed inwards, such that primary symptoms are emotional

Answer 1

Internalising disorders

Question 2

Principle examples of internalising disorders:

Answer 2

1. Childhood Anxiety Disorders
2. Childhood Depression

Question 3

DF: Psychopathology is directed outwards, such that primary symptoms are behavioural

Answer 3

Externalising disorders

Question 4

Examples of Externalising disorders

Answer 4

1. ADHD
2. Conduct Disorder
3. Oppositional Defiance Disorder (Odd)

Question 5

Why must caution be taken when assessing children and adolescents for a disorder?

Answer 5

DSM-V requires consideration fo the individual’s level of development i.e. Behaviour is inconsistent with their developmental level

Question 6

Prevalence in Australian Children:
Major Depressive Disorder:__%
ADHD:__%
Conduct Disorder__%

Answer 6

3.2%; 7.8%; 2.1%

Question 7

Key Features of ADHD:

Answer 7

1. Inattention
2. Hyperactivity
3. Impulsivity

Question 8

___ ADHD Symptoms:
Fails to give close attention to details
Distractible,
Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks

Answer 8

Inattention

Question 9

___ ADHD Symptoms:
Fidgets with hands or squirms in seat
Difficulty waiting turn
Talks excessively

Answer 9

Hyperactivity/Impulsivity

Question 10

ADHD Subtypes:

Answer 10

1. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive type
2. Predominantly Inattentive Type
3. Combined Type

Question 11

Biological Theories of ADHD

Answer 11

1. Genetic Condition
2. Neurological and Neuropsychological Anomalies
3. Environmental Toxins

Question 12

Biological interventions for ADHD

Answer 12

Stimulant medications like Ritalin, Dexedrine

Question 13

Psychological Interventions for ADHD

Answer 13

Token-based systems to reward appropriate behaviours, penalise inappropriate behaviours

Question 14

Aggression peaks at __ years then __ as children become more socialised

Answer 14

2; declines

Question 15

Prosocial behaviours and Interpersonal aggression both require ___

Answer 15

An understanding of intent

Question 16

Intent of:
1. Prosocial behaviour
2. Instrumental Aggression
3. Interpersonal/Hostile Aggression

Answer 16

1. To help another (empathy)
2. To obtain an object
3. To purposely harm another

Question 17

Proactive Aggression vs Reactive Aggression

Answer 17

Reactive: Reaction to perceived threat or provocation
Proactive: Planned and premeditated to obtain a reward

Question 18

DF: Aggression continues to escalate pasty typical developmental period

Answer 18

Early Starters

Question 19

DF:
Repeated and persistent pattern of violating the rights of others and/or societal norms or rules

Answer 19

Conduct Disorder

Question 20

Features of Conduct Disorder

Answer 20

1. Aggression to people/animals
2. Destruction of property
3. Deceitfulness or theft
4. Serious rule violations

Question 21

2 subtypes of Conduct Disorder (based on onset)

Answer 21

1. Childhood onset type
2. Adolescent onset type

Question 22

DF: Persistent pattern of negativistic behaviour (arguing, spitefulness etc.) and no compliance with rules/authority figures, as well as peers, causing distress in the child or social/school/family group

Answer 22

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Question 23

___ Causal Factors of CD and ODD:
Low cortisol levels in CD boys associated with aggression, decreased Frontal lobe activity, low physiological Arousal, elevated testosterone

Answer 23

Biological

Question 24

Children with CD and ODD are at greater risk for:

Answer 24

1. School failure
2. School drop-out
3. Criminal activity
4. Substance use and abuse
5. Unemployment

Question 25

Empirically validated treatment approach by Greene et al for ODD, superior to traditional parent training approach.

Answer 25

Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS)

Question 26

Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) approach addresses ODD child deficiencies in:

Answer 26

1. Emotion regulation
2. Frustration tolerance
3. Flexibility in problem solving

Question 27

3 features of Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS)

Answer 27

1. Increase parent awareness and will
2. Introduce collaborative problem solving
3. Remove unmet expectations

Question 28

Community based interventions for CD

Answer 28

1. Multi systemic Therapy (MST)
2. Oregon Social Learning Centre (ONSC) parent training programs

Question 29

Differences between the externalising disorders

Answer 29

CD & ODD: Intentional, directed, and deliberate behaviour
ADHD: Impulsive, disorganised careless behaviour

Question 30

A term used in the justice system to describe a child who has broken the law, but not interchangeable with CD

Answer 30

Juvenile Delinquency