Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HNN Extra > 7. Ear & pathology > Flashcards

7. Ear & pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what is tinnitus

A

perception of hearing sound without an external source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is vertigo?

A

hallucination of movement, rotational feeling (different to dizziness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nerve supplying medial surface of tympanic membrane and middle ear cavity

A

glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

non otological causes of otalgia

A

-TMJ dysfunction (CN Vc)
-oropharynx disease (CNIX)
-larnyx/pahrynx disease (CNIX, CNX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

causes of perichondritis

A

insect bites
ear piercing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

perichondritis

A

perichondrium infected overlying pinna, need ABx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of haematome develops in pinna haematoma?

A

subperichondrial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how to prevent re accumulation of blood in a drained pinna haematoma

A

apply tamponade, to keep perichondrium pushed up against cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is cauliflower deformity reversible?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

origin of external acoustic meatus

A

cleft between 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lining of external acoustic meatus

A

keratinising, stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

effect of pulling cartilage of pinna back and up

A

straightens out external acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why does external acoustic meatus have a self cleansing function?

A

lack of square contact to remove debris. so needs lateral epithelial migration instead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

common bacterial causes of otitis external

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa
staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

otitis externa
-symptoms
-rare complications

A

-itchy, pain, maybe discharge

-malignant otitis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

malignant otitis externa

A

erosion through petrous bone, maybe life threatening, immunocompromised at risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causes of otitis media

A

-commonly viral
-bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

appearance of TM in otitis media with effusion, why?

A

retracted due to increased negative pressure
air bubbles show fluid in middle ear cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

explain how a cholesteatome forms

A

-blockage of Eustachian tube
-pars flaccida sucked in due to increased negative pressure
-stratified squamous epi and keratin get trapped in ‘pocket’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

management of cholesteatoma

A

identify early
refer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

function of ossicles

A

AMPLIFY and relay vibrations from TM to oval window of cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

common cause of acquired hearing loss in young adults

A

otosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cause of otosclerosis

A

unknown- viral/hereditary?

24
Q

main issue in otosclerosis

A

sound vibrations can’t be transmitted effectively from TM to oval window of cochlea

25
Q

type of hearing loss in otosclerosis

A

uni/bilateral conductive

26
Q

why is pharyngotympanic membrane dysfunction a problem?

A

mucous not drained and pressure not equilibrated to atmospheric so ability of TM to vibrate appropriately decreases, ossicles affected

27
Q

mamagement of otitis media with effusion

A

-watch and wait
-paracetmaol if pain

28
Q

who usually gets otitis media with effusion?

A

children

29
Q

sign of otalgia in children

A

tugging at ear

30
Q

causes of acute otitis media

A

-viral common
-bacteria sometimes: strep pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae

31
Q

how could TM be perforated in acute otitis media?

A

lots of pus/pressure

32
Q

how would you know someones TM has perforated

A

-acute otitis media
history of pain affecting hearing, then sudden tense pain, then sudden relief, maybe discharge

33
Q

management of mastoiditis

A

-recognise, refer
-IV ABx
-maybe surgery

34
Q

what is mastoiditis?

A

osteomyelitis of mastoid bone

35
Q

signs of mastoiditis

A

red swollen distorted ear

36
Q

how could signed sinus be affected by ear pathology

A

cholesteatoma/ ear infection could erode petrous bone and thrombus could form

37
Q

what is the cochlea

A

spiral fluid filled tube with specialised hair cells that generate Ads when moved

38
Q

where’s the primary auditory cortex?

A

temporal lobe

39
Q

hats the vestibular apparatus?

A

fluid filled (endolymph) tubes with specialised hair cells that generate Abs when moved

40
Q

classical history in Meniere’s disease

A

-30 mins-24 hours
-recover between epidoses
-hearing deteriorated over time

41
Q

distinguish between acute labrynthitis and acute vestibular neuritis

A

AL:
-all inner ear structures involved so tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo

AVN:
-only vertigo, vomining lasting days

42
Q

cause of AL or AVN

A

preceding URTI

43
Q

tuning fork hertz

A

512

44
Q

if suspected hearing loss, what’s a social diagnostic test?

A

pure tone audiometry

45
Q

where is the pathology in conductive hearing loss?

A

external or middle ear

46
Q

where is the pathology in sensorineural hearing loss?

A

inner ear or CN VIII

47
Q

examples of pathology causing conductive hearing loss

A

wax
acute otitis media
otitis media with effusion
otosclerosis

48
Q

examples of pathology causing sensorineural hearing loss

A

prescubysis
meniere’s
ototoxic meds e.g. furosemide, vancomycin, gentamycin
acoustic neuromas
noise-related hearing loss

49
Q

explain the result of Webers test in conductive hearing loss of R ear

A

sound materialises to side of the hearing loss (RHS) due to loss of normal masking influence of external ambient noise on RHS

50
Q

positive rinne’s test

A

AC>BC when tuning fork on bone around ear vs perpendicular 1cm away from external acoustic meatus

51
Q

what’s the result of webers test in sensorineural hearing loss of R ear?

A

sound lateralised to L ear

52
Q

why is AC>BC normally?

A

air route includes amplification of vibrations from external and middle ear before reaching inner ear

bone route no amplification of vibrations

53
Q

explain negative rinne’s test of R ear (conductive hearing loss)

A

BC>AC as air can’t get past blockage but bone bypasses it so problem must be external/middle ear of RHS

54
Q

gold standard test for vestibular schwannoma / neoplasms of VIII or brainstem

A

gadolinium MRI

55
Q

what meds could help with acute sensorineural hearing loss?

A

corticosteroids

HNN Extra (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions