1. General organisation

Question 1

define suture

Answer 1

fibrous joints between bones of neurocranium

Question 2

2 parts of skull

Answer 2

neurocranium, viscerocranium

Question 3

nerve supply to muscles of mastication

Answer 3

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

Question 4

‘cheek bone’

Answer 4

zygotic arch

Question 5

name the muscles of facial expression

Answer 5

-occipitofrontalis
-orbicularis oculi
-orbicularis oris
-buccinator
-zygomaticus major
-risorius

Question 6

occipitofrontalis function

Answer 6

-raise eyebrows
-wrinkle forehead skin

Question 7

what connects two halves of occipitofrontalis?

Answer 7

epicranial aponeurosis

Question 8

test for orbiculares oculi function

Answer 8

ask patient to squeeze eyes closed, and try to open them with force

Question 9

mouth dilator muscles (smile)

Answer 9

-zygomaticus major
-risorius

Question 10

where does platysma tense the skin?

Answer 10

anterior neck

Question 11

facial nerve is which cranial nerve?

Answer 11

vii

Question 12

cause of lump over parotid gland

Answer 12

-malignancy
-surgery

Question 13

commonest cause of facial nerve lesions

Answer 13

Bell’s palsy

Question 14

Bell’s palsy aetiology

Answer 14

idiopathic, presumed infective

Question 15

scale for severity of facial lesions

Answer 15

house-brackmann scale

Question 16

nerve supply to muscles of facial expression

Answer 16

extra cranial branches of facial nerve

Question 17

trapezius origin and insertion

Answer 17

origin: occipital bone, nuchal ligament
insertion: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion

Question 18

nerve supply to trapezius

Answer 18

accessory nerve

Question 19

floor or posterior triangle

Answer 19

-scalene muscles
-posterior belly of omohyoid

Question 20

what runs in roof of posterior triangle?

Answer 20

external jugular vein (very superficial and visible)

Question 21

contents of posterior triangle

Answer 21

-trunks of brachial plexus
-subclavian artery
-subclavian vein
-phrenic + accessory nerves

Question 22

retropharyngeal abscess symptoms

Answer 22

-unwell, fever
-difficulty swallowing, drooling
-painful neck movements
-sore throat

AIRWAY OCCLUSION POSSIBLE

Question 23

mediastinitis

Answer 23

infection from retropharyngeal space extends into thorns and mediastinum

Question 24

scalene muscle function

Answer 24

accessory muscles of respiration