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HNN Extra > 3.1 Skull osteology > Flashcards

3.1 Skull osteology Flashcards

1
Q

frontal bone starts as a pair then fuses. try or false?

A

true

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2
Q

metric suture

A

failure of frontal pair of bones to fuse

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3
Q

which portion of the temporal bone is within the calvaria?

A

squamous

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4
Q

the anterior and posterior fontanelles form which structures?

A

bregma and lambda

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5
Q

treatment of severe craniosynostosis

A

break the ossified joint so normal growth can occur

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6
Q

name of arteries that run through dipole of skull

A

diploic

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7
Q

what coats the inner lining of skull bone?

A

periosteum (aka periosteal layer of dura mater)

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8
Q

which bones form the anterior cranial floor?

A

-frontal
-ethmoid
-greater wing of sphenoid bone

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9
Q

importance of crista Galli

A

attaches to falx cerebri

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10
Q

importance of cribriform foramina

A

passage of olfactory nerves to roof of nasal cavity

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11
Q

importance of perpendicular plate

A

forms nasal septa

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12
Q

the ethmoid bone is pneumatised. what does this mean?

A

air filled cavities called paranasal air sinuses

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13
Q

relation of sella turcica and pituitary gland

A

pituitary gland sits in pituitary fossa of sella turcica

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14
Q

lesser wings of sphenoid bone form what?

A

posterior part of anterior cranial fossa

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15
Q

role of petrous part of temporal bone

A

houses middle and inner ear structures
-anterior semicircular canal
-cochlea
-vestibulocochlear nerve
-posterior semicircular canal
-ear canal

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16
Q

superior nuchal line of occipital bone function

A

attachment for trapezius muscle

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17
Q

at what point does the brainstem continue as spinal cord?

A

foramen magnum

18
Q

types of skull fracture

A

-linear
-comminuted
-depressed
-non depressed

19
Q

which part of skull base is fractured to give signs…
-periorbital ecchymoses

-CSF ottorhea
-CSF rhinorrhea
-battles sign
-blood behind eardrum

A

-anterior cranial fossa- orbital plate fracture

-petrous bone in middle cranial fossa

20
Q

CSF rhinorrhea

A

clear fluid dripping from nose with head injury= CSF

21
Q

imaging choice for facial injuries/fractures. why?

A

plain xray- not as much concern for brain, neuromuscular structures underneath

22
Q

sign of supraorbital ridge fractures

A

slice through eyebrow

23
Q

are maxilla fractures rare and uncomplicated?

A

rare
but could fall backwards to occlude airway

24
Q

best view for suspected
-zygoma fracture
-maxilla fracture

A

-bucket handle view
-OPG (pan across, usually 2 fractures)

25
Q

what is the TMJ?

A

articulation between mandibular fossa of temporal bone and condyle of mandible

26
Q

what type of joint is TMJ?

A

synovial hinge type
-lined with fibrocartilage
-fibrocartilaginous disc

27
Q

nerve supply to TMJ

A

auriculotemporal nerve (sensory, branch of mandibular division of trigeminal)

28
Q

pain location in TMJ pathology?

A

can radiate to side of head, jaw

29
Q

importance of coronoid process

A

temporalis muscle insertion

30
Q

what stabilises the TMJ?

A

joint capsule + 3 extracapsular ligaments

31
Q

2 movements of TMJ, and what produces the movement?

A

rotation: inferior joint capsule
gliding: superior joint capsule (retraction, protraction)

32
Q

dislocation of TMJ

A

condyle of mandible passes anteriorly in front of articular tubercle, jaw locks open and muscles of mastication keep joint locked

33
Q

reduction technique for TMJ dislocation

A

strength, push down of jaw to relax muscles of mastication then slide back into mandibular fossa

34
Q

label 1.6 of GW page 42

A

-

35
Q

what do the following transmit?
-superior orbital fissure
-optic canal
-foramen rotundum
-foramen ovale
-foramen lacerum
-foramen spinous
-carotid canal

A

-nerves
-optic nerve
-maxillary trigeminal nerve
-mandibular trigeminal nerve
-filled with cartilage, ICA over top
-middle meningeal artery
-ICA

36
Q

peaked ridge of petrous part of temporal bone forms what?

A

boundary between middle and posterior cranial fossa

37
Q

nerve carrying sense of hearing and balance arises from where? exits through where?

A

arises from petrous part of temporal bone
exits via internal auditory meatus to brainstem

38
Q

facial nerve exits skull where?

A

stylomastoid foramen

39
Q

which blood vessel begins on exiting jugular foramen of skull?

A

IJV

40
Q

why do frontal and maxilla bones look black on X-ray?

A

paranasal sinuses- contain air

41
Q

name 3 extra cranial fossa

A
  1. temporal
  2. infra temporal
  3. pterygopalatine

HNN Extra (16 decks)

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