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HNN Extra > 4/5 Cranial nerves > Flashcards

4/5 Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

why do colds cause anosmia?

A

swellings indie nose prevents chemicals reaching olfactory receptora

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2
Q

which nerves pass through cribriform foramina?

A

olfactory

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3
Q

which nerves pass through optic canal?

A

optic

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4
Q

which nerves pass through superior orbital fissure?

A

oculomotor
trochlear
ophthalmic
abducens

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5
Q

which nerves pass through foramen ovale?

A

maxillary

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6
Q

which nerves pass through foramen rotundum?

A

mandibular

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7
Q

which nerves pass through internal acoustic meatus?

A

facial
vesgtibulocochlear

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8
Q

which nerves pass through jugular foramen?

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory

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9
Q

which nerves pass through hypoglossal canal?

A

hypoglossal

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10
Q

which lobe of cerebrum does olfactory that reach to perceive smell?

A

temporal

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11
Q

explain how lesions in different areas of visual pathway would cause different patterns of visual loss

A

retina/optic nerve: symptoms in affects eye
optic chasm/optic tract: both eyes due to mixing of fibres

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12
Q

pattern of visual loss in pituitary tumour

A

bitemporal hemianopia

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13
Q

arrangement of fibres of oculomotor nerve in pupil

A

somatic- central
parasympathetic- peripheral

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14
Q

which causes of oculomotor nerve lesions would spare the pupil?

A

microvascular ischaemia (i.e. blood supply issue)

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15
Q

which causes of oculomotor nerve lesions would involve the pupil? why?

A

-anuerysm
-head injury
-uncul herniation

involves autonomic (para) fibres

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16
Q

typical position of eye if trochlear nerve affected?

A

up and adducted

17
Q

muscle supplied by abducens, and function

A

lateral rectus, abducts eyeball

18
Q

test abducens nerve

A

inspect resting gaze

19
Q

why would raised ICP most likely affect abducens out of CN 3,4, and 6?

A

-its most susceptible to stretch as vertical route and fixed at brainstem exit, and fixed at entry to cavernous sinus
so downward displacement of brain from raised ICP stretches the anchored nerve

20
Q

nerves involved in corneal reflex

A

Va -sensory, afferent
facial (orbicularis oculi)- motor, efferent

21
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

trigeminal nerve lesion die to aberrant blood vessel which compresses trigeminal nerve = sharp shooting pain in facial dermatome, headache

22
Q

main sensory branches of Va

A

-frontal
-nasociliary: sensory to eye and skin over nose tip

23
Q

Hutchinson’s sign

A

tip of nose vesicle affected by ophthalmic shingles = high risk of eye affected (nasociliary division) SITE THREATENING

24
Q

most likely nerve affected in orbital blow out fracture

A

infraoribtal nerve, as increased pressure in eye socket collapses floor of orbit and this nerve runs in floor

superior alveolar nerve affected too if there’s numbness of gums/upper teeth

25
Q

cause of dry mouth/eyes in facial nerve test

A

parasympathetic fibres affected

26
Q

presentation of facial nerve lesion

A

WHOLE SIDE unilateral facial droop
maybe altered taste, dry mouth, can’t cry

27
Q

causes of facial nerve issues

A

-internal acoustic meatus lesions
-posterior cranial fossa tunours
-basal skull fracture
-middle ear disease
-facial canal inflammation e.g. bells palsy, Ramsay hunt
-parotid disease

28
Q

Ramsay hunt syndrome

A

shingles, painful vesicles around external ear and unilateral facial droop

29
Q

how does facial nerve emerge through skull base

A

stylomastoid foramen

30
Q

3 intra petrous branches of facial nerve

A

-nerve to stapedius (dampens vibration of stapes)
-greater petrosal (para to lacrimal. nasal mucosal glands)
-Chorda tympani (taste anterior 2/3, para to salivary except parotid))

31
Q

how to tell between stroke or facial nerve lesion?

A

stroke: upper half of contralateral face spared, forehead sparing, can close eye but can’t smile. as ipsilateral cortex can back up

facial nerve: whole side of ipsilateral face affected

32
Q

presentation of vesticulocochlear pathology

A

hearing loss
dizziness
vertigo
tinnitus

33
Q

causes of vesticulocochlear pathology

A

-vestibular schwannoma
-basal skull fracture

34
Q

presentation of glossopharyngeal pathology

A

-difficulty swallowing

35
Q

presentation of vagus pathology

A

-difficulty swallowing
-weak cough
-speech difficulty/voice change

36
Q

causes of vagus pathology

A

-RLN branch- thyroid pathology, surgery
-cartoid sheath pathology/surgery
-posterior cranial fossa tumours
-medulla infacrct

37
Q

causes of glossopharyngeal pathology

A

-cartoid sheath pathology/surgery
-posterior cranial fossa tumours
-medulla infacrct

38
Q

cause of hypoglossal pathology

A

-upper carotid sheath/ int/ext afrotid arteries surgery or poatholgy
-posterior cranial fossa tumours
-medulla infarct
-motor neurone disease

HNN Extra (16 decks)

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