7- Demographics Flashcards
Demographics
-statistics to population
Categories: Age, gender, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, immigration status
-ageism
-gender inequality
-symbolic ethnicity- something tied to past but not an everyday thing- ex) Irish ppl celebrate St. Patrick’s day but don’t go working in potato fields after
—similar to symbolic religiosity- religion is not part of my everyday life but we go to church on Christmas
-Kinsey scale: 0 to 6 – 0 = completely heterosexual, 6 is completely homosexual, 3 = equally bisexual
LGBTQIA
Demographic shifts = changes in makeup of population over time
Population density = number of people per square km of land
Population pyramids- M on left, F on right
Fertility rate
children a woman has during lifetime
Low in most world- women have 0-3 kids, mostly in developed world
In Africa, high fertility rate
Birth rate
children born per 1000 people per year
Mortality rate
# people who die per 1000 people per year -higher in developing nations and Russia
Birth and mortality rates can be reported as for the whole pop, age-specific, crude rate = adjust to pop size over a time range and multiple by a constant to get a whole number
Migration rate
= immigration rate - emigration rate
push and pull factors
Demographic transition
- type of demographic shift
- industrialization of country
Stage 1 = pre-industrial stage
- low technology
- high birth and high death
- agrarian
Stage 2 = start industrializing
- improved healthcare, sanitation
- high birth, low death
- population rises
Stage 3 = industrial
- improved contraception, female rights, more industrial
- falling birth rate
Stage 4 = post-industrial
- industrialized
- low birth and death rates, but high pop
Social Movements
- proactive movements- try to make social change
- reactive movements- resist social change
ex) immigration, gay marriage, legalization of marijuana
- based on a group’s perceived relative deprivation = decreases in resources or representation
Globalization
- connecting culture and economy
- increased global trade
- technology, internet
Urbanization
movement of ppl towards dense populated areas/cities
- become cultural hubs (like NY)- ppl move seeking jobs
- rarely homogenous
ex) ghettos- areas of specific racial/ethnic/religious minorities are concentrated due to social or economic inequalities
ex) Slums- even worse- highly populated, poor sanitation, informal housing like tents or boxes- outside regulation; like Jakarta
Age stuff
Life-course perspective/approach = considering an individual’s age and life experiences when analyzing their social personality/status/health etc. - see how it impact’s patient’s condition
Age cohort = age range
Dependency ratio = ratio of members of population not in workforce to number of members in workforce
-depends on youth ratio (number of kids <15 y/o divided by number of people b/w 15 and 65 y/o) AND age dependency ratio = people >65 y/o divided by people between 15 and 65 years old
Stable population = when a population’s fertility rate and mortality rate remain relatively constant over a long period of time = distribution of pop. among age cohorts is relatively constant
Gender
sex = biological Gender = societal labels of femininity vs masculinity
Gender roles are social constructs Gender identity is a choice Gender segregation ex) all girl schools Gender inequality Gender stratification = inequality in access to social resources based on gender (ex- the all-boy's school gets more resources than all-girl's school, which leads to gender stratification)
Race and Ethnicity
Ethnicity can be hidden
Racialization = establish group as race
Racial identity - what box you check
Racial formation theory = race is fluid, and is based on politics and social things
intersectionality
interplay b/w demographic factors
ex) I am African American and I am a woman and I am poor
- minority
Generational status
place of birth of person or their parents
Malthusian theory
exponential pop growth outpaces growth of food supply
-leads to social degradation and disorder, such as starvation
