6 - Social behavior Flashcards
Interpersonal attraction
-platonic or romantic
Factors
- Similarity
- those we feel comfortable self-disclosing- express backstage self, liberating
- Reciprocity- we like ppl more when we feel like they like us
- Proximity- could be physical but w/ technology, also just how much communication you have w/ them
- —-familiarity effect = MERE-EXPOSURE effect- the more you’re exposed to something or the more you experience it, the more you’re gonna like it
- golden ratio: 1.618 : 1 -ratio of rectangles or items to one another that is most beautiful
- -people are attracted to people w/ certain body proportions
- —Mona Lisa
Aggression
- cause harm or increase social dominance; threats
- physical or verbal or nonverbal
- assault = say “I’m gonna punch you”
- battery = I punched you
Biological factors- when we are threatened, fight or flight
- amygdala and hypothalamus kick in
- prefrontal cortex helps us control those impulses/fear and prevent aggression
- amygdala is fear, rage, and association of stimuli w/ punishments and rewards
- high testosterone
- Psych and situational factors
- –cognitive neoassociation model- we respond w/ aggression more often when we aren’t feeling great- when we’re angry, tired, hungry, in pain
- –modeled w/ Bobo doll
Attachment
-How you relate to others with whom you’re bonded— caregiver and child
secure = explore environment w/ respect to where mom is
Strange situation expt- when parent leaves room, baby cries; if parent comes back and kid is consolable right away and prefers caregiver- securely attached
INSECURE:
Avoidant- happy mom is back but doesn’t interact w/ parent; ignores parent
-if stranger leaves and comes back, no difference when parent leaves and comes back
Ambivalent/Anxious-Ambivalent- child is inconsolable, angry; mixed response when caregiver returns
Disorganized attachment- child reacts in dif ways; no pattern; confused
Can be a red flag of abuse - physicians are mandated reporters
Social support
social support – emotional support, material/tangible support, informational support, network support (group hug, you belong, AA)
- w/in network, you have individuals that can support you
- emotional support (listen, empathize), esteem support (“you’re doing great!”)
- tangible support- give you money or things
- informational support- providing helpful info
- network support- give someone a sense of belonging in a group
–more support = less likely to get stressed, less stress when something bad happens, less likely to die when sick
Social stratification- people who are poor have less social support than people who are rich
Foraging
lateral hypothalamus promotes hunger- drives foraging behavior
cognitive component- know where to find food, memory, spatial awareness
Group foraging is learned
LH damaged = lose hunger
VMH damaged = become very much hungry
AH damaged = asexual
Mating
Mate choice based on different things
1- phenotypic benefits– demonstrate that animal has good genes- ex) body size
2- sensory bias
- -guppies eat orange fruit, males look orange so when females come thinking its food males can rape them
- —the competitive sex is mainly males, and they take advantage of something females are attracted to anyways to lure females in
3- Fisherian/runaway selection
- -M peacock had longer plumage/feathers than his brethen, and female liked him more, so offspring carry genes for longer feathers AND genes to be attracted to longer feathers
- through successive generations, trait gets more pronounced + attraction for it gets more pronounced, too
- result: peacocks have long feathers
4- Indicator traits
- Peacock has ability to survive even with really long tail (which makes it harder to evade predators)
- -I can waste money on this super expensive car and still afford to live, I must be able to tc of you too
5- Genetic compatability
- smell signals immune response compatability- different enough to have diverse immune children
- sweaty T-shirt experiment
Monogamy, Polygamy = Polygyny (M) or Polyandry (F), Promiscuity
Mate choice = intersexual selection - based on attraction
- mate bias = how choosy they are
- direct and indirect benefits
- 5 mechanisms of mate choice = phenotypic benefits, sensory bias, Fisherian/runaway selection, indicator traits, genetic compatibility
Altruism
Empathy-altruism hypothesis - individual helps when feels empathy, regardless of cost
-person’s intent is to help or benefit someone else
—at your own cost- why would this evolve?
Explained by GAME THEORY
- explains decision-making
- evolutionary stable strategy (ESS)- resistant to change from an outside force
ex) if we’re a society of liars and an altruistic comes in, he’s gonna be eaten alive; altruism is not gonna catch on; deception is the ESS
Hawk-dove game
- if 2 hawks meet for a food resource, they’ll fight, one wins, both incur a cost
- 2 doves- split
- one hawk one dove- dove leaves
- –need a balance of cost and resource
- —–if hawk either gets a scratch or always wins, it’s better to be a hawk
- —–if 2 hawks will just kill e/o, it’s better to be a dove
- —-there’s a balance in # of hawks and doves based on this balance and it will stay here (based on how many times they interact w/ e/o)- ESS
Nash equilibrium- interaction b/w 2 ppl playing a game/interaction- they cannot do better by changing strategies
ex) rock-paper-scissors
terrible strategy = always choosing rock
Best strategy = be random – this strategy is in Nash equilibrium bc it is the best strategy for me, and if I try to change my strategy I can only do worse
Social factors can create new strategy
-new person comes and their behavior actually dominates
Altruism
-reciprocal altruism- I help you now, you help me later
-helping relatives- inclusive fitness
(normal fitness = kids)
—help my children and siblings b/c they have 1/2 my genes
—-if reward is worth more than 2x the cost I incur, it’s worth it
altruism: I help you at a cost to me
cooperation: I help you and it helps me too
Spite: I hurt you but it hurts me too
Selfishness: I hurt you but it helps me
Group selection- natural selection acts on groups
–inclusive fitness shies away from this