5- Socialization

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

-getting and spreading norms, cultures, beliefs

Question 2

Primary Socialization

Answer 2

• occurs during childhood
• parents
• learning how to be a part of the population as a whole

Question 3

Secondary Socialization

Answer 3

• learning how to be a part of a smaller group
  ex) new job/work env
• adolescents choosing an identity

Question 4

Anticipatory Socialization

Answer 4

• prepare for future social change –> trying on a new role / learning a new env before entering it
  ex) cohabitation before marriage
  ex) college student paying rent at home before moving out

Question 5

Re-socializatin

Answer 5

-discard old behaviors to make room for new ones

Question 6

Norms

Answer 6

• define what is and isn’t acceptable behavior in society
• cultural expectation
  ex) shake hands after sports match- sportsmanship

Question 7

Folkways

Answer 7

• customs/norms that don’t hold any moral weight; breaking the norm isn’t that big of a deal
  ex) not holding the door open for someone
  ex) not wearing a tie to a fancy dinner

Question 8

Mores

Answer 8

• norms that, when broken, have moral or legal consequences
  ex) adultery
  ex) not wearing clothes in public

Question 9

Taboo

Answer 9

• legal consequences or shunning
• come as a result of disgust
  ex) Incest, Beastiality, Murder, Divorce in some cultures

Freud used to say incest and patricide are 2 univ taboos but there are no univ taboos

Question 10

Agents of socialization

Answer 10

Families, peers, religion, gov’t, media, work, school, ethnic background, social groups/clubs

as kids, most imp are parents/siblings
as adolescents- peers

Question 11

Deviance

Answer 11

going against cultural norm

ex) a child tattle-tailing when you’re not supposed to

Question 12

Social stigma

Answer 12

• dislike groups/people in groups that are outside of your group
  ex) dislike people with HIV, short height, mental disorders- think of them as less of a person

Question 13

Labeling theory

Answer 13

-can become a self-fulfilling prophecy
-affect one’s self-image
bad ex) stigmas- you are a schizophrenic vs you have schizophrenia
good ex) I have depression- first feel like a bad person, after diagnosis feel like oh I have something that can be fixed, I’m not alone

Question 14

Conformity

Answer 14

match your attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs to society’s norms

Question 15

internalization

Answer 15

integration of behaviors based on group you’re involved in; change your behaviors in a group while also agreeing w/ group
-stronger and more permanent than identification

Question 16

Identification

Answer 16

accept others’ ideas w/o questioning

ex) celebrity endorsement in commercials
ex) Stockholm Syndrome- hostage likes captor

Question 17

Compliance

Answer 17

• change behavior after direct request (they don’t have power over you)
  ex) people who sell you things

Techniques to gain compliance

• Foot in door: ask you for something small followed by something big
  ex) ask interviewer for glass of water, then more likely to get job
  ex) ask for small investment, then bigger instead of big all at once
  ex) ask them to put a political activist sign on your lawn- you’re more likely to vote for them

-Door in the face: ask for something big then something small
“well can you at least do this then”

-Lowballing- tell you a part of your responsibility, you’re there and they’re like actually you have to do all this too, well you’ve already started you might as well

• That’s-not-all (“but wait there’s more”)
• –infomercials- order this but wait if you do it now, i’ll double it

Question 18

Obedience

Answer 18

• Change behavior based on direct order of authority figure
• Milgram’s shock study
• –some had person right next to participant, or touching (closer = less likely)
• more deindividuated/anonymous = more likely to administer lethal shocks

-Nazis- Nuremberg defense