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Forest Policy & Management > 7 - Co-Management > Flashcards

7 - Co-Management Flashcards

1
Q

Define Co-management:

A

The sharing of power and responsibility between government and local resource users

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2
Q

Co-management has advanced as a bridge between ______________-based & ________________-based resource management systems.

A

government and local

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3
Q

What are some things the ‘co’ in co-management can stand for?

A
  • Collaborative
  • Cooperative
  • Communal
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4
Q

What is Co-Management known as in India?

A

Joint Management

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5
Q

Where and who first applied the concept of Co-Management?

A

Berkes on Canadian fisheries

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6
Q

What was the Boldt Decision?

A

It expanded aboriginal rights from harvesting to participation in planning processes and allocation setting.

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7
Q

When did co-management spread globally?

A

1990s

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8
Q

Co-management depends on the ______________ and ________________ of authority and responsibility.

A

Devolution and decentralization

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9
Q

Provide some examples of areas where co-management is used:

A
  • Parks & Protected areas
  • Wildlife
  • Water
  • Forestry
  • Tourism
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10
Q

How might co-management differ from conventional environmental resource regimes / systems?

A
  • Benefits Sharing
  • Decision-making Roles
  • Values
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11
Q

What are the seven levels of power sharing in co-management (Lowest to highest)?

A
  1. Informing
  2. Consultation
  3. Co-operation
  4. Communication
  5. Advisory Committee
  6. Management Boards
  7. Partnership / Community Control
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12
Q

What does the Informing stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?

A

Community is informed about decisions already.

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13
Q

What does the Consultation stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?

A

Start of face-to-face contact; community input is heard but not necessarily headed.

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14
Q

What does the Co-operation stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?

A

Community starts to have input into management

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15
Q

What does the Communication stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?

A

Start of two-way information exchange; local concerns begin to enter management plans.

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16
Q

What does the Advisory Committee stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?

A

a. Partnership in decision-making starts; joint action on common objectives.

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17
Q

What does the Management Board stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?

A

Community is given the opportunity to participate in developing and implementing management plans.

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18
Q

What does the Partnership / Community Control stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?

A

Partnership of equals; joint decision-making institutionalized; delegated to community where feasible.

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19
Q

What are the three main attributes of co-management?

A
  1. Local autonomy must be legitimated by state
  2. Integrity and function depends on nestedness of governance structures:
  3. Decisions over resource use and regulations made by representatives from user groups, governments, research institutions (not just communities and governments).
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20
Q

What of the three attributes of co-management is Multi-leveled?

A

When the integrity and function depends on nestedness of governance structures:

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21
Q

What are the four levels in multi-leveled co-management?

A
  • Local
  • Regional
  • Provincial
  • Federal
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22
Q

What are the four key roles in Co-Management?

A
  • Government
  • Communities
  • NGOs
  • Scientists
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23
Q

What are the three attributes of government to be involved in co-management?

A
  • Administration
  • Financial Resources
  • Legal Framework
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24
Q

What are the four attributes of Communities to be involved in co-management?

A
  • Local or traditional knowledge
  • Locally-adapted management practices
  • Common property regimes
  • Self-interest
25
Q

What are the three attributes of NGOs to be involved in co-management?

A
  • Advocacy and support
  • Awareness raising
  • Capacity building
26
Q

What are the two attributes of Scientists to be involved in co-management?

A
  • Models and Predictions
  • Technical Expertise
27
Q

Provide five potential benefits of Co-management:

A
  • More inclusive
  • Promote consensus-based decisions
  • Link scientific and traditional management systems
  • Two-way information flow
  • Improve local access: economic and social development
28
Q

Provide four potential challenges of Co-management:

A

-Inefficient: takes time and finding consensus can be messy
- Capacity limitations
- Senior government downloading
- Representation and equity

29
Q

Define a Community Forest:

A

Any forestry operation managed by local government, community group, or First Nation for the benefit of the entire community

30
Q

Temporary Leases, in community forests in BC, are intended to ___________________ and _________________.

A
  • stop ‘cut and run’
  • promote economic development
31
Q

________________ systems in community forests in BC are long-term, large-scale leases, and big business.

A

Industrial Tenure

32
Q

What were the three problems identified in the BC Community Forests?

A
  • Declining Timber Stocks
  • Job Loss
  • Ecological Degradation
33
Q

The _______________ in Community Forests in BC involved:
- First Nations
- Environments
- Labour

A

War in the Woods

34
Q

When was the Community Forest Pilot Project in the BC community forests?

A

1998

35
Q

The Community Forest Agreements created through the _____________.

A

Forest Act

36
Q

What is the mandate of the BC Community Forest?

A

Manage forests for diverse local values & local benefits (Environmental; economic; cultural)

37
Q

What was the Jurisdiction of the BC Community Forest?

A
  • Area based
  • Forests
  • Timber allocated through AAC
38
Q

Who funded the BC Community Forest?

A
  • Logging revenue
  • Volunteers
  • Charitable fundraising
  • Stakeholders
  • No provincial funding
39
Q

The Northeast Superior is an example of what type of forest?

A

Community Forest

40
Q

What three bodies were involved in the Northeast Superior Forest Community?

A
  • First Nations
  • Municipalities
  • Federal Government
41
Q

The Northeast Superior region includes:

A
  • 60,000km2
  • 6 towns
  • 8 First Nations
42
Q

What are the three characteristics of the Northeast Superior “forestry crisis”?

A
  • 30% increase in electricity
  • Access to fibre
  • Global Composition
43
Q

What are two key roles in the Northeast Superior Forest Community?

A
  • Northeast Superior Mayor’s Group
  • Northeast Superior Regional Chiefs’ Forum
44
Q

When was the Northeast Superior Mayor’s Group created and who comprises it?

A

~2000 and 6 towns

45
Q

When was the Northeast Superior Regional Chiefs Forum created and who comprises it?

A

~2007, 6 First Nations

46
Q

What were the three policy alternatives proposed by the Northeast Superior Mayor’s Group?

A
  1. Services and Infrastructure
  2. Forest Economy
  3. Informal Association
47
Q

The goal of the Northeast Superior Regional Chiefs’ Forum involves what three aspects?

A
  1. Economic Development
  2. Environmental Stewardship
  3. Socio-cultural Priorities
48
Q

The problem and direction setting of the NSFC involved what four goals?

A
  • First Nation review NSFC Strategic Plan
  • Clarify Roles & elevate First Nation profiles
  • Obtain funding for First Nation participation
  • Mutual commitment to relationship building & cross-cultural understanding
49
Q

What were the three successes / lessons learned by the NSFC?

A
  • Teaching and Learning
  • Building Trust and Relationships
  • Empowerment through Sharing Authority & Resources
50
Q

What is the NSFC?

A

Northeast Superior Forest Community

51
Q

What three teachings were identified by the NSFC?

A
  • Regional & cross-cultural collaboration “a new way of doing things”
  • Must define what to do and how
  • First Nations must regenerate culturally appropriate forum
52
Q

When building trust and relationships, _________ can be persistent, but the outcomes are not always negative.

A

conflict

53
Q

Building trust and relationships can help create ______________ and ___________ for periodic informal involvement.

A

local forums and opportunities

54
Q

Empowerment through sharing authority and resources promotes _______________.

A

Mutual recognition of benefits from collaboration

55
Q

Empowerment through sharing authority is dependent on what two inputs?

A
  • Aboriginal Authority and TK
  • Municipal Resource and Research
56
Q

What are the two types of perspectives promoted by the NSFC for rethinking collaboration?

A
  • “Organization Set” Perspective
  • “Domain” Perspective
57
Q

Collaborative Processes in natural resource management involve what five stages? (provide in order)

A
  1. Antecedents
  2. Problem-setting
  3. Direction-setting
  4. Structuring
  5. Outcomes
58
Q

What region is also known as the Fibre Basket?

A

Northeast Superior Forest Region

Forest Policy & Management (12 decks)

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