7 - Co-Management Flashcards
Define Co-management:
The sharing of power and responsibility between government and local resource users
Co-management has advanced as a bridge between ______________-based & ________________-based resource management systems.
government and local
What are some things the ‘co’ in co-management can stand for?
- Collaborative
- Cooperative
- Communal
What is Co-Management known as in India?
Joint Management
Where and who first applied the concept of Co-Management?
Berkes on Canadian fisheries
What was the Boldt Decision?
It expanded aboriginal rights from harvesting to participation in planning processes and allocation setting.
When did co-management spread globally?
1990s
Co-management depends on the ______________ and ________________ of authority and responsibility.
Devolution and decentralization
Provide some examples of areas where co-management is used:
- Parks & Protected areas
- Wildlife
- Water
- Forestry
- Tourism
How might co-management differ from conventional environmental resource regimes / systems?
- Benefits Sharing
- Decision-making Roles
- Values
What are the seven levels of power sharing in co-management (Lowest to highest)?
- Informing
- Consultation
- Co-operation
- Communication
- Advisory Committee
- Management Boards
- Partnership / Community Control
What does the Informing stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?
Community is informed about decisions already.
What does the Consultation stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?
Start of face-to-face contact; community input is heard but not necessarily headed.
What does the Co-operation stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?
Community starts to have input into management
What does the Communication stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?
Start of two-way information exchange; local concerns begin to enter management plans.
What does the Advisory Committee stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?
a. Partnership in decision-making starts; joint action on common objectives.
What does the Management Board stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?
Community is given the opportunity to participate in developing and implementing management plans.
What does the Partnership / Community Control stage of power sharing for Co-management involve?
Partnership of equals; joint decision-making institutionalized; delegated to community where feasible.
What are the three main attributes of co-management?
- Local autonomy must be legitimated by state
- Integrity and function depends on nestedness of governance structures:
- Decisions over resource use and regulations made by representatives from user groups, governments, research institutions (not just communities and governments).
What of the three attributes of co-management is Multi-leveled?
When the integrity and function depends on nestedness of governance structures:
What are the four levels in multi-leveled co-management?
- Local
- Regional
- Provincial
- Federal
What are the four key roles in Co-Management?
- Government
- Communities
- NGOs
- Scientists
What are the three attributes of government to be involved in co-management?
- Administration
- Financial Resources
- Legal Framework
What are the four attributes of Communities to be involved in co-management?
- Local or traditional knowledge
- Locally-adapted management practices
- Common property regimes
- Self-interest
What are the three attributes of NGOs to be involved in co-management?
- Advocacy and support
- Awareness raising
- Capacity building
What are the two attributes of Scientists to be involved in co-management?
- Models and Predictions
- Technical Expertise
Provide five potential benefits of Co-management:
- More inclusive
- Promote consensus-based decisions
- Link scientific and traditional management systems
- Two-way information flow
- Improve local access: economic and social development
Provide four potential challenges of Co-management:
-Inefficient: takes time and finding consensus can be messy
- Capacity limitations
- Senior government downloading
- Representation and equity
Define a Community Forest:
Any forestry operation managed by local government, community group, or First Nation for the benefit of the entire community
Temporary Leases, in community forests in BC, are intended to ___________________ and _________________.
- stop ‘cut and run’
- promote economic development
________________ systems in community forests in BC are long-term, large-scale leases, and big business.
Industrial Tenure
What were the three problems identified in the BC Community Forests?
- Declining Timber Stocks
- Job Loss
- Ecological Degradation
The _______________ in Community Forests in BC involved:
- First Nations
- Environments
- Labour
War in the Woods
When was the Community Forest Pilot Project in the BC community forests?
1998
The Community Forest Agreements created through the _____________.
Forest Act
What is the mandate of the BC Community Forest?
Manage forests for diverse local values & local benefits (Environmental; economic; cultural)
What was the Jurisdiction of the BC Community Forest?
- Area based
- Forests
- Timber allocated through AAC
Who funded the BC Community Forest?
- Logging revenue
- Volunteers
- Charitable fundraising
- Stakeholders
- No provincial funding
The Northeast Superior is an example of what type of forest?
Community Forest
What three bodies were involved in the Northeast Superior Forest Community?
- First Nations
- Municipalities
- Federal Government
The Northeast Superior region includes:
- 60,000km2
- 6 towns
- 8 First Nations
What are the three characteristics of the Northeast Superior “forestry crisis”?
- 30% increase in electricity
- Access to fibre
- Global Composition
What are two key roles in the Northeast Superior Forest Community?
- Northeast Superior Mayor’s Group
- Northeast Superior Regional Chiefs’ Forum
When was the Northeast Superior Mayor’s Group created and who comprises it?
~2000 and 6 towns
When was the Northeast Superior Regional Chiefs Forum created and who comprises it?
~2007, 6 First Nations
What were the three policy alternatives proposed by the Northeast Superior Mayor’s Group?
- Services and Infrastructure
- Forest Economy
- Informal Association
The goal of the Northeast Superior Regional Chiefs’ Forum involves what three aspects?
- Economic Development
- Environmental Stewardship
- Socio-cultural Priorities
The problem and direction setting of the NSFC involved what four goals?
- First Nation review NSFC Strategic Plan
- Clarify Roles & elevate First Nation profiles
- Obtain funding for First Nation participation
- Mutual commitment to relationship building & cross-cultural understanding
What were the three successes / lessons learned by the NSFC?
- Teaching and Learning
- Building Trust and Relationships
- Empowerment through Sharing Authority & Resources
What is the NSFC?
Northeast Superior Forest Community
What three teachings were identified by the NSFC?
- Regional & cross-cultural collaboration “a new way of doing things”
- Must define what to do and how
- First Nations must regenerate culturally appropriate forum
When building trust and relationships, _________ can be persistent, but the outcomes are not always negative.
conflict
Building trust and relationships can help create ______________ and ___________ for periodic informal involvement.
local forums and opportunities
Empowerment through sharing authority and resources promotes _______________.
Mutual recognition of benefits from collaboration
Empowerment through sharing authority is dependent on what two inputs?
- Aboriginal Authority and TK
- Municipal Resource and Research
What are the two types of perspectives promoted by the NSFC for rethinking collaboration?
- “Organization Set” Perspective
- “Domain” Perspective
Collaborative Processes in natural resource management involve what five stages? (provide in order)
- Antecedents
- Problem-setting
- Direction-setting
- Structuring
- Outcomes
What region is also known as the Fibre Basket?
Northeast Superior Forest Region
