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Forest Policy & Management > 2.0 - What are Forests? > Flashcards

2.0 - What are Forests? Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: The definition of a forest is not consistent, and it depends on who is defining it.

A

True

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2
Q

Provide some examples “forest” definitions:

A
  • “A tree dominated ecosystem”
  • Varying climatic, landscape, social, economic, legal & historical conditions
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3
Q

What are some attributes that can make a forest definition vary?

A
  • Trees occur in different ecosystems
  • Different species, densities & forms
  • Site size?
  • Does a preciously forested land base count?
  • Does a restocked (naturally or planted) land base count?
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4
Q

What is the Crown Coverage definition of a Forest?

A

The % of ground area shaded by crowns of the trees (in full leaf).

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5
Q

Defining a forest based on crown coverage can be _________, as some trees have different crown coverage (pine).

A

inconsistent

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6
Q

What is the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) definition of a forest?

A

“Ecosystems dominated by trees (defined as perennial woody plants taller than 5m at maturity) with associated wild flora, fauna & soil conditions”.

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7
Q

Why is the FAO significant?

A

The FAO is important because Canada is signed on to several conventions to collect data regarding forests and providing this information to organizations like the FAO.

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8
Q

What does FAO stand for?

A

Food and Agriculture Organization

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9
Q

What are some types of forest use?

A
  • Production
  • Conservation
  • Multi-use
  • Roads
  • Firebreaks
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10
Q

What types of forests are excluded from the traditional forest definition?

A
  • Agricultural production (Fruit tree plantations)
  • Trees planted in agroforestry system
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11
Q

True or False: The common forest definition includes temporarily unstocked areas (Clear cuts).

A

True

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12
Q

Forests account for ___% of Canadas land area.

A

43.7%

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13
Q

Canadas forest accounts for ___% of the worlds forests.

A

10%

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14
Q

What are the three tree groupings and their % coverage in Canada?

A
  • 68% Coniferous
  • 16% Mixed Wood
  • 11% Broadleaf
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15
Q

How does J.S Rowe’s description of Canadas forest geography help us?

A

Provides a regional description of forest types & distribution accompanied by relevant data regarding soils, geology, climate and landforms.

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16
Q

The Boreal forest in Canada consists of mainly _______ trees.

A

Configerous

17
Q

Is it possible to cut a maple tree in the boreal forest?

A

No, this tree type does not grow in coniferous forests.

18
Q

True or False: The boreal forest is Canada’s largest intact ecosystem.

A

True

19
Q

The boreal forest is ____ of national land mass.

A

1/3

20
Q

Where do you find Taiga forests?

A

In the Northwest Territories areas

21
Q

Canada’s forest sector is ____% of GDP.

A

1.5%

22
Q

Roughly how much does Canada’s forest sector contribute to the GDP?

A

~$25B

23
Q

Approximately how many people are employed by the Canada’s forest sector?

A

205,000 (12,000 Indigenous peoples)

24
Q

What are the employment opportunities in the forest sector?

A
  • Wood manufacturing
  • Pulp & paper
  • Logging
25
Q

What are the four main exports of the logging sector?

A
  • Pulp
  • Paper
  • Lumber
  • Panels
26
Q

About ____% of all Indigenous communities are in forested areas.

A

80%

27
Q

What are the four main causes of change in the forest sector?

A
  1. Structural decline in demand for newsprint
  2. Decreased demand due to competition from developing economies
  3. Decrease in demand from construction industry, building codes
  4. Aggravating factors
28
Q

What are four Aggravating Factors that have contributed to change in the forest sector?

A
  1. Timber Supply
  2. Energy Costs
  3. Access to Credit
  4. Subsidies in competing markets
29
Q

When does forest dependence occur?

A

Forest dependence occurs when more than 50% of the community is reliant on the forest sector as their economic base.

Forest Policy & Management (11 decks)

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