7 Carbs Flashcards
Monosaccharides
They define the single sugar units of glucose, fructose, and galactose and represent the absorbable forms of carbohydrates for the body
Diasaccharides
They define pairs of sugar units. The three nutritionally important ones to humans are sucrose, maltose, and lactose.
Polysaccharides
They define glucose chains longer than 10 units in length, but they can be as large as several thousand glucose units in length.
Oligosaccharides
They define sugar units angling from 3 to 10 units in length and are largely indigestible to humans.
Amylose
A straight-chain and digestible form of starch containing glucose molecules.
Amylopectin
A branched-chain and digestible form of starch containing glucose molecules.
Soluble Fiber
A type of dietary fiber that dissolves in water to form a gel, associated with heart health benefits and glucose control.
Insoluble Fiber
A type of dietary fiber that does not dissolve in water, associated with promoting bowel regularity
Diverticulosis
A condition that occurs when pockets of collected stool called diverticula form in the walls of the digestive tract, forcing the inner layer of the intestinal wall to push through its outer lining.
Functional Fiber
A compound derived from isolated ingest I left fiber to potentially provide some of the health-promoting benefits of natural fiber.
Glycogen
The storage molecule of carbohydrate found in animals located in muscle and liver cells
Glycogenolysis
The process of breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry into the energy pathways
Glycogenesis
The process of forming glycogen from glucose
Triglycerides
The primary storage and transportable form of fats in the body, composed of three free fatty acids bound o a glycerol backbone.
Ketones
A group of incompletely metabolized fat fragments that are normally produced during fat metabolism in the absence of adequate carbohydrates
Gluconeogenesis
A metabolic pathways that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glycogenic amino acids
Bolus
A mass of food that has been chewed and is now ready to initiate the swallowing process
Duodenum
It is the first section of the small intestine where some digestion occurs. It is located immediately after the stomach and leads into the jejunum
Chyme
The partially digested, semi-fluid mass of food expelled by the stomach to the duodenum
Jejunum
It is the section of the small intestine where digestion & absorption occur. It is located immediately after the duodenum and leads into the ileum.
Ileum
It is the final section of the small intestine where lots of absorption occurs. It is located immediately after the jejunum and leads into the large intestine.
Brush Border
The wall of the small intestine, composed of villi and micro ills, that enhance the regions surface area for the final stages of digestion and absorption.
Villi
These are small, finger like protections located on the walls of the intestine that extend into the intestinal tract that serve to increase the body’s surface area for absorption of nutrients
Hepatic Portal Vein
The vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver.
Cirrhosis
A liver disease marked by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue as the result of alcohol abuse.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
The development of fatty liver resulting form excessive quantities of fats being deposited from causes that exclude alcohol.
Hyperglycemia
A condition of an abnormally high blood glucose level in blood
Hypoglycemia
A condition of abnormally low blood glucose level in blood
Glycogenolysis
The process of breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry into the energy pathways
Type 1 Diabetes
A condition in which the pancreas produces little to no insulin
Catabolic
The breakdown of nutrients to release energy
Glycemic Load
A method for determining how the quantity of carbs consumed impact blood sugar levels
