7 Carbs

Question 1

Monosaccharides

Answer 1

They define the single sugar units of glucose, fructose, and galactose and represent the absorbable forms of carbohydrates for the body

Question 2

Diasaccharides

Answer 2

They define pairs of sugar units. The three nutritionally important ones to humans are sucrose, maltose, and lactose.

Question 3

Polysaccharides

Answer 3

They define glucose chains longer than 10 units in length, but they can be as large as several thousand glucose units in length.

Question 4

Oligosaccharides

Answer 4

They define sugar units angling from 3 to 10 units in length and are largely indigestible to humans.

Question 5

Amylose

Answer 5

A straight-chain and digestible form of starch containing glucose molecules.

Question 6

Amylopectin

Answer 6

A branched-chain and digestible form of starch containing glucose molecules.

Question 7

Soluble Fiber

Answer 7

A type of dietary fiber that dissolves in water to form a gel, associated with heart health benefits and glucose control.

Question 8

Insoluble Fiber

Answer 8

A type of dietary fiber that does not dissolve in water, associated with promoting bowel regularity

Question 9

Diverticulosis

Answer 9

A condition that occurs when pockets of collected stool called diverticula form in the walls of the digestive tract, forcing the inner layer of the intestinal wall to push through its outer lining.

Question 10

Functional Fiber

Answer 10

A compound derived from isolated ingest I left fiber to potentially provide some of the health-promoting benefits of natural fiber.

Question 11

Glycogen

Answer 11

The storage molecule of carbohydrate found in animals located in muscle and liver cells

Question 12

Glycogenolysis

Answer 12

The process of breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry into the energy pathways

Question 13

Glycogenesis

Answer 13

The process of forming glycogen from glucose

Question 14

Triglycerides

Answer 14

The primary storage and transportable form of fats in the body, composed of three free fatty acids bound o a glycerol backbone.

Question 15

Ketones

Answer 15

A group of incompletely metabolized fat fragments that are normally produced during fat metabolism in the absence of adequate carbohydrates

Question 16

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 16

A metabolic pathways that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glycogenic amino acids

Question 17

Bolus

Answer 17

A mass of food that has been chewed and is now ready to initiate the swallowing process

Question 18

Duodenum

Answer 18

It is the first section of the small intestine where some digestion occurs. It is located immediately after the stomach and leads into the jejunum

Question 19

Chyme

Answer 19

The partially digested, semi-fluid mass of food expelled by the stomach to the duodenum

Question 20

Jejunum

Answer 20

It is the section of the small intestine where digestion & absorption occur. It is located immediately after the duodenum and leads into the ileum.

Question 21

Ileum

Answer 21

It is the final section of the small intestine where lots of absorption occurs. It is located immediately after the jejunum and leads into the large intestine.

Question 22

Brush Border

Answer 22

The wall of the small intestine, composed of villi and micro ills, that enhance the regions surface area for the final stages of digestion and absorption.

Question 23

Villi

Answer 23

These are small, finger like protections located on the walls of the intestine that extend into the intestinal tract that serve to increase the body’s surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 24

Hepatic Portal Vein

Answer 24

The vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver.

Question 25

Cirrhosis

Answer 25

A liver disease marked by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue as the result of alcohol abuse.

Question 26

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Answer 26

The development of fatty liver resulting form excessive quantities of fats being deposited from causes that exclude alcohol.

Question 27

Hyperglycemia

Answer 27

A condition of an abnormally high blood glucose level in blood

Question 28

Hypoglycemia

Answer 28

A condition of abnormally low blood glucose level in blood

Question 29

Glycogenolysis

Answer 29

The process of breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry into the energy pathways

Question 30

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 30

A condition in which the pancreas produces little to no insulin

Question 31

Catabolic

Answer 31

The breakdown of nutrients to release energy

Question 32

Glycemic Load

Answer 32

A method for determining how the quantity of carbs consumed impact blood sugar levels