10 Micronutrients Flashcards
Micronutrients
Nutrients required in smaller quantities, including vitamins and minerals
Coenzymes and Cofactors
Compounds or molecules that help enzymes work. For example, vitamin C is a coenzyme that helps make collagen
Metabolic Reactions
Metabolic Reactions are chemical processes that occur in the body that help sustain life
Mitochondria
Organelles (small structures inside cells) where the majority of energy production, specifically aerobic metabolism, occurs - the powerhouse of the cell
Electron Transport Chain
A chemical process where most of the ATP in the body is produced - the basic principle behind the electron transport chain is that electron gradient produces ATP
Kreisler Cycle
Also known as the citric acid cycling, a sequence of biochemical reactions through which most living organisms produce energy using aerobic metabolism
Water-Soluble
The ability to be dissolved in water - for example, salt, which is sodium-chloride, dissolved in water and is considered water soluble
Vitamin B1
Commonly referred to as thiamine is critical in the metabolism of sugar and amino acids as well as central nervous system function
Beriberi
A condition of thiamine deficiency that affects either the cardiovascular system, the nervous system, or both
Wernicke Encephalopathy
A disease of the brain that is the direct result of thiamine deficiency - it causes confusion and makes ppl uncoordinated
Riboflavin
Also known as vitamin b2, critical in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fat
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
A key molecule in regulating oxidation-reduction reactions, which are responsible for managing the oxidative balance in the body
Antioxidant System
A series of chemical reactions in the body that help balance out molecular damage due to increase levels of oxidative stress, also responsible for maintaining enough oxidants for the body to function properly
Redox System
The process and reaction between two substances in which one substance is oxidized and the other is reduced
Niacin
Commonly used name for vitamin B3, shares many similarities within vitamin b2 that it is critical in the metabolism of proteins, carbs, and fat
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
A molecule that carries hydrogen ions and is used to make ATP, provides energy for our body
Pantothenic Acid
Commonly used name for vitamin B5, a component to co-enzyme A - CoA serves as a molecular link between glycolysis and the krebs cycle
Vitamin B6
Represents a class of several related, but different molecules, each of which are important for optimal health
Biotin
Commonly used name for vitamin B7
Carboxylase Enzymes
Responsible for adding a carboxyl group to molecules - these carboxylation reactions are involved in almost every step in energy production
Vitamin B12
The largest of the B-complex vitamins, comes in many forms, and contains a heavy metal/mineral in its molecular structure, specifically cobalt
Folate
Commonly used name for vitamin B9, helps regulate single-carbon transfers, both accepting and donating single carbons to chemical reactions
Vitamin C
Referred to as ascorbic acid, vitamin c is one of the more robust vitamins, It plays a myriad of roles in the human body.
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
The pain and stiffness that is felt several hours to days after unaccustomed or strenuous exercise muscle soreness typically set in between 1 and 3 days post exercise.
Choline
An essential nutrient, a source of methyl groups needed for many steps in metabolism