11 Hydration Flashcards
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
The water contained within a cell’s membrane, makes up approximately 2/3 of total body water,
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
The water found outside of the body’s cells - ECF is found between cells and transported throughout the body via arteries, veins, and capillaries
Osmolality
Describes the concentration of solutes in a liquid - various compartments hold fluids but the primary regulator of hydration status is the osmolality of ECF, specifically plasma osmolality. Multiple sites in the body house osmoreceptors that detect shifts in osmolality and generate responses to return the body to fluid and sodium homeostasis.
Dipsogenic Signal
Physiological factors such as high osmolality or low blood pressure, which prompt sodium and water appetite.
Baroreceptors
Specialized nerves that can sense change in pressure in the heart or blood vessels
Hypo-Osmotic
A solution with a lesser concentration of solute (ie fresh water compared to salt water)
Gastric Emptying Rate (GER)
The rate at which fluids and their contents pass through the stomach via the pyloric sphincter and into the small intestine - the faster and more complete the GER, the more quickly carbohydrates and electrolytes can be absorbed into the mesentery system, where they feed the liver first and then the rest of the body via the vascular system
Convection
The movement or flow of air over an object
Euhydration
A normal hydration status
Ad Libitum
Translates to “as desired” and refers to eating or drinking as you are normally driven to (ie not purposely overeating or undereating)
Exercise Associated Hyponatremia (EAH)
A potentially serious medical condition in which the plasma sodium falls below 135 mmol/L, usually the result of fluid intake greatly exceeding sweat losses during prolonged exercise
Urine-Specific Gravity (USG)
A measurement that represents the ratio of solutes in the urine versus distilled water.
Recovery Hydration
Fluid and electrolyte intake between two consecutive training sessions or competitions
