7 - Body Fluid Physiology PPT (Nikki Original) Flashcards
What does the movement of water between compartments do?
It maintains constant osmolality :)
How are fluid shifts characterized?
By change in volume and concentration of extracellular fluid
-ECF expansion/contraction + osmolarity
What is the example for isotonic loss?
Diarrhea
What direction is the water shift for isotonic loss?
NO SHIFT!!
ECF just loses water
What happens to the osmolarity during isotonic loss?
NO CHANGE!!!
Volume decreases but osmolarity is constant bc there is no water shift
What are the consequences of an isotonic loss?
-decrease plasma volume and arterial pressure
-increase plasma protein, concentration, and hematocrit
What is the example for hypotonic loss?
Heavy sweating
Also: fever. And diabetes insipidus
Which direction is the water shift for hypotonic loss?
ICF —> ECF
-volume decrease in ECF causes water shift
What happens to the osmolarity during a hypotonic loss?
INCREASES
-loss of hypoosmotic (low concentration) fluid in ECF
—>concentration increase
What are the consequences of hypotonic loss?
Decreased plasma volume and arterial pressure
What is the example for hypertonic loss?
Adrenal insufficiency! (Less aldosterone)
-decreased aldosterone = increase sodium loss in urine
Which direction is the water shift during hypertonic loss?
ECF —> ICF
What happens to the osmolarity during hypertonic loss?
DECREASES!!
-loss of solutes/concentrated fluid from ECF
—> [ ] of ECF decreases
causes water shift to ICF
What are the consequences of hypertonic loss?
-decrease plasma volume/arterial pressure
-increase plasma protein concentration and hematocrit
What is the example for isotonic gain?
Getting an IV
(Infusion of isotonic NaCl solution)
What is the water shift for an isotonic gain?
NO SHIFT!!
-fluid is added but the concentration is constant
What happens to the osmolarity during isotonic gain?
NO CHANGE!
What is the example for hypertonic gain ?
Eating salty chips
Which direction is the water shift during a hypertonic gain?
ICF —> ECF
What happens to the osmolarity during a hypertonic gain?
INCREASE!!
Add solutes AND fluid + water shift to ECF
What is the example for hypotonic gain?
Too much ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
—> causes excessive water reabsorption
Which direction is the water shift for a hypotonic gain?
ECF —> ICF
What happens to osmolarity during a hypotonic gain?
DECREASES!!
Fluid added to the ECF decreases the concentration
