6 - Physiology Of GI Disorders PPT (Nikki Original) Flashcards
What is achalasia?
Lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax when swallowing —> food fails to pass to the stomach —> esophagus can enlarge/become ulcerated/infected
Which cranial nerves can cause paralysis of the swallowing mechanism?
CN V, IX and X
Other than the cranial nerves, what can cause paralysis of the swallowing mechanism?
-poliomyelitis
-encephalitis
-being under anesthesia
What is gastritis?
Inflammation of gastric mucosa
What patient population is most commonly affected by gastritis
middle age and older
What can happen if gastritis progresses
It can cause ulcerative excoriation when acute and severe
T/F: alcohol, smoking, and aspirin have no relationship to gastritis
False they can make it worse o-o
What is gastric atrophy? What can it lead to?
-mucosa no longer makes secretions
can lead to:
-pernicious anemia
-achlorhydria
What is pernicious anemia
Can’t absorb B12 —> due to lack of intrinsic factor
What is achlorhydria?
Low HCL
—> therefore low pepsin
What are the causes of peptic ulcers
-high acid content (tums)
-irritation
-poor blood supply
-poor secretion of mucus
-helicobacter pylori infection
What are the 3 pathologies of the stomach
-gastritis
-gastric atrophy
-peptic ulcer
What are the 2 pathologies of the small intestine?
-pancreatic failure
-malabsorption (SI specific -_-)
What are the causes of pancreatic failure?
-removal of the head of the pancreas (cancer/pancreatitis)
-excess alcohol
-gallstones
How do gallstones cause pancreatic failure
-block the common bile duct and secretory duct
-cause build up of enzymes that will eventually activate and digest the pancreas
