14.5 - FOCUS: Metabolic/Respiratory | Acidosis/Alkalosis (QUIZ 4)

Question 1

If HCO3 is down, pCO2 is down, and pH is down, what should we assume?

Answer 1

Metabolic acidosis

Question 2

If HCO3 is up, pCO2 is up, and pH is up, what should we assume?

Answer 2

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 3

If HCO3 is up, pCO2 is up, and pH is down, what should we assume?

Answer 3

Respiratory acidosis

Question 4

If HCO3 is down, pCO2 is down, and pH is up, what should we assume?

Answer 4

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 5

What are the NORMAL values for each component?

Answer 5

HCO3: 24 mEq/L
pCO2: 40 mmHg
pH: 7.4

Question 6

A patient’s labs showed the following: PCO2= 16 mmHg, HCO3- = 5 mmol/l and a pH of 7.1

Answer 6

Metabolic acidosis

Question 7

A patient’s labs showed the following: PCO2= 52 mmHg, HCO3- = 40 mmol/l and a pH of 7.55

Answer 7

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 8

A patient’s labs showed the following: PCO2= 20 mmHg, HCO3- = 20 mmol/l and a pH of 7.6

Answer 8

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 9

A patient’s labs showed the following: PCO2= 60 mmHg, HCO3- = 45 mmol/l and a pH of 7.2

Answer 9

Respiratory acidosis

Question 10

A patient is having rapid deep breathing- this could lead to?

Answer 10

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 11

A patient is having shallow breathing due to pneumonia. This could lead to?

Answer 11

Respiratory acidosis

Question 12

A patient is having decreased bicarbonate absorption due to diarrhea. This could lead to?

Answer 12

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic because bicarb centric

Question 13

A patient is having renal problems causing an inability to excrete bicarbonate. This could lead
to?

Answer 13

Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic=bicarb
Also consider that if you can’t get rid of bicarb, it’s gonna build up. Metabolic alkalosis means everything is going up, including the pCO2 and pH.

Question 14

What is the anion gap if Na+=136 mEq/L Cl- = 104 mEq/L and HCO3- = 28 mEq/L?

Answer 14

Anion gap = (Na+)–([Cl-]+HCO3-)
Remember that normal is between 3-11

(136)–(104+28)=4, so anion gap equals 4

Question 15

Is 4 within the normal range?

Answer 15

Remember that normal is between 3-11

YES

Question 16

How does the body compensate for a decrease in pH due to increased pco2?

Answer 16

Quicker, deeper breathing

Question 17

How does the body compensate for an increase in pH due to decreased pco2?

Answer 17

Slow, shallow breathing

Question 18

How does the body compensate for a decrease in pH due to decreased bicarbonate?

Answer 18

Quicker, deeper breathing

Question 19

How does the body compensate for an increase in pH due to increased bicarbonate?

Answer 19

Slow, shallow breathing

Question 20

For the last 4 cards talking about breathing, which compensations would occur immediately?

Answer 20

The RESPIRATORY ones (they have acute and chronic phases)

Question 21

Give an example of a condition that could cause someone’s breathing to slow. What
acid/base disturbance would that cause?

Answer 21

• Pneumonia
• Respiratory acidosis

Question 22

Give an example of a condition that could cause someone’s breathing to speed up. What acid/base disturbance would that cause?

Answer 22

• Hyperventilation
• Respiratory alkalosis