12 - Kidney Disease PPT (QUIZ 3)

Question 1

What does chronic renal failure entail?

Answer 1

A progressive loss of function
- Irreversible nephron loss
- Surviving nephrons have to work harder

Question 2

What does acute mean?

Answer 2

Short term

Question 3

What does acute renal failure entail?

Answer 3

Function abruptly stops, but you may recover

Question 4

What are the three classes of acute renal failure?

Answer 4

1. PRErenal (due to heart failure, blood pressure conditions, or hemorrhage)
2. INTRArenal (abnormalities WITHIN the kidney)
3. POSTrenal (obstruction in urinary collection system, typically kidney stones)

Question 5

What are the two specific types of INTRArenal?

Answer 5

1. Glomerular Nephritis: “nephron inflammation” from an abnormal immune reaction which damages the glomeruli. Damage occurs a few weeks after an infection elsewhere, heals within the next month
2. Tubular Necrosis: destruction of tubule epithelial cells due to ischemia or drugs/toxins

Question 6

What’s the NUMBER ONE CAUSE of chronic renal failure?

Answer 6

DIABETES MELLITUS!

Question 7

What’re the physiological effects of acute renal failure?

Answer 7

• Waste product retention in blood/ECF
• Electrolyte retention in blood/ECF
• Edema
• Hypertension

Question 8

What’re some other less important causes of chronic renal failure?

Answer 8

Obesity and Amyloidosis

Question 9

What does end stage renal disease entail?

Answer 9

The patient must be placed on dialysis or receive a kidney transplant. Dialysis can’t maintain a completely normal body fluid composition so the poor soul is still gonna have health complications :/

Question 10

What’re the top 5 causes of end stage renal disease?

Answer 10

1. DIABETES MELLITUS (44%)
2. Hypertension (26%)
3. Other causes (20%)
4. Glomerulonephritis (8%)
5. Polycystic kidney disease (2%)

DON’T worry about percentages