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Physiology Of Behavior > 7 Audition, Body And Chemical Senses > Flashcards

7 Audition, Body And Chemical Senses Flashcards

0
Q

Hertz (Hz)

A

Cycles per second.

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1
Q

Pitch

A

Perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to the fundamental frequency.

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2
Q

Loudness

A

Intensity

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3
Q

Timbre

A

Complexity

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4
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Eardrum

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5
Q

Ossicle

A

One of three bones in the middle ear.

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6
Q

Malleus

A

Hammer

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7
Q

Incus

A

Anvil

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8
Q

Stapes

A

Stirrup

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9
Q

Cochlea

A

Snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that contains the auditory transducing mechanisms.

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10
Q

Oval window

A

Opening in the bone surrounding the cochlea that reveals a membrane, against which the baseplate of the stapes presses, transmitting sound vibrations into the fluid in the cochlea.

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11
Q

Organ of Corti

A

Sensory organ on the basilar membrane that contains the auditory hair cells.

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12
Q

Hair cell

A

Receptive cell of the auditory apparatus.

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13
Q

Deiter’s cell

A

Supporting cell phone in the organ of Corti, contains the auditory hair cells.

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14
Q

Basilar membrane

A

Membrane in that cochlea of the inner ear; contains the organ of Corti.

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15
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

Membrane located above the basilar membrane; serves as a shelf against which the cilia of the auditory hair cells move.

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16
Q

Round window

A

Opening in the bone surrounding the cochlea of the inner ear that permits vibrations to be transmitted, via the oval window, into the fluid in the cochlea.

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17
Q

Cilium

A

Hairlike appendage of a cell involved in movement or in transducing sensory information; found on the receptors in the auditory and vestibular system.

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18
Q

Tip link

A

Elastic filaments that attaches the tip of one cilium to the side of the adjacent cilium.

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19
Q

Insertional plaque

A

Point of attachment of a tip link to a cilium.

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20
Q

Cochlear nerve

A

Branch of the auditory nerve that transmits auditory information from the cochlea to the brain.

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21
Q

Olivocochlear bundle

A

Bundle of efferent axons that travel from the olivary complex of the medulla to the auditory hair cells of the cochlea.

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22
Q

Cochlear nucleus

A

One of a group of nuclei in the medulla that receives auditory information from the cochlea.

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23
Q

Superior olivary complex

A

Group of new nuclei in the medulla; involved with auditory functions, including localization of the source of sounds.

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24
Q

Lateral lemniscus

A

Band of fibers running rostrally through the medulla and pons; carries fibers of the auditory system.

25
Q

Tototopic representation

A

Topographically organize mapping of different frequencies of sound that are represented in a particular region of the brain.

26
Q

Core region

A

Primary auditory cortex, located on a gyrus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe.

27
Q

Belt region

A

First level of auditory association cortex; surrounds the primary auditory cortex.

28
Q

Parabelt region

A

Second level of auditory association cortex; surrounds the belt region.

29
Q

Place code

A

System by which information about different frequencies is coded by different locations on the basilar membrane.

30
Q

Cochlear implant

A

Electronic device surgically implanted in the inner ear that can enable a deaf person to hear.

31
Q

Rate code

A

System by which information about different frequencies is coded by the rate of firing of neurons in the auditory system.

32
Q

Fundamental frequency

A

Lowest, and usually most intense, frequency of a complex sound; most often perceived as the sound’s basic pitch.

33
Q

Overtone

A

Frequency of complex tones that occurs at multiples of the fundamental frequency.

34
Q

Phase difference

A

The difference in arrival times of soundwaves that each of the eardrums.

35
Q

Amusia

A

Loss or impairment of musical abilities, produced by hereditary factors or brain damage.

36
Q

Vestibular sac

A

One of a set of two receptor organs in each inner ear text text changes in the tilt of the head.

37
Q

Semicircular canal

A

One of the three ringlike structures of the vestibular apparatus that detect changes in head rotation.

38
Q

Utricle

A

Vestibular sac

39
Q

Saccule

A

Vestibular sac

40
Q

Ampulla

A

Enlargement in a semicircular canal; contains the cupula and the crista.

41
Q

Cupula

A

Gelatinous mass found in the ampulla of the semicircular canals; moves in response to the flow of the fluid in the canals.

42
Q

Vestibular ganglion

A

Nodule on the vestibular nerve that contains the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons that convey vestibular information to the brain.

43
Q

Cutaneous sense

A

Sensitivity to stimuli that involve the skin.

44
Q

Proprioception

A

Perception of the body’s position and posture.

45
Q

Kinesthesia

A

Perception of the body’s own movements.

46
Q

Organic sense

A

Sense modality that arises from receptors located with in the inner organs of the body.

47
Q

Glabrous skin

A

Skin that does not contain hair; found on the palms and the soles of the feet.

48
Q

Merkel’s disk

A

Touch-sensitive cutaneous receptor, important for detection of form and roughness, especially by fingertips.

49
Q

Ruffini corpuscle

A

Cutaneous receptor that is importing into detecting stretching or static force against the skin, important in proprioception.

50
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle

A

Cutaneous receptor that is important in detecting edge contours or Braille-like stimuli, especially by fingertips.

51
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

Vibration-sensitive cutaneous receptor, important in detecting vibration from an object being held.

52
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

Sensory neuron that response to mechanical stimuli: for example, those that produce pressure, stretch, or vibration of the skin or stretch of muscles or tendons.

53
Q

Phantom limb

A

Sensation that appears to originate in a limb that has been amputated.

54
Q

Nucleus raphe magnus

A

Nucleus of the raphe that contains serotonin-secreting neurons the project to dorsal gray matter of the spinal cord and is involved and analgesia produced by opiates.

55
Q

Umami

A

Taste sensation produced by glutamate.

56
Q

Chorda tympani

A

Branch of the facial nerve that passes beneath the eardrum; conveys taste information from the anterior part of the tongue and controls the secretion of some salivary glands.

57
Q

Nucleus of the solitary tract

A

Nicholas of the medulla that receives information from visceral organs and from gustatory system.

58
Q

Olfactory epithelium

A

Epithelial tissue of the nasal sinus that covers the cribriform plate; contains the cilia of the olfactory receptors.

59
Q

Olfactory bulb

A

Protrusion at the end of the olfactory tract; receives input from the olfactory receptors.

60
Q

Mitral cell

A

Neuron located in the olfactory ball that receives information from olfactory receptors; axons of mitral cells bring information to the rest of the brain.

61
Q

Olfactory glomerulus

A

Bundle of dendrites of mitral cells and the associated terminal buttons of the exons of olfactory receptors.

Physiology Of Behavior (15 decks)

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