2 Cells Of The Nervous System Flashcards
Motor neuron
A neuron located within the central nervous system that controls the contraction of a muscle with secretion of a gland.
Sensory neuron
Neuron that detects changes in the external internal environment since information about these changes to the central nervous system.
Interneuron
A neuron located entirely within the central nervous system.
Central nervous system (CNS)
The brain and the spinal cord.
Peripherall nervous system (PNS)
The part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord, including the nerves attached to the brain and spinal cord.
Soma
The cell body of a neuron, which contains the nucleus.
Dendrite
A branch, true like structure attached to the soma of a neuron; receives information from the terminal buttons of other neurons.
Synapse
A junction between the terminal button of an axon and the membrane of another neuron.
Axon
The long, thing, centrical structure that conveys information from the soma of neuron to its terminal buttons.
Multipolar neuron
A neuron with axon and many dendrites attached to it soma.
Bipolar neuron
A neuron with one axon and one dendrite attached to it soma.
Unipolar neuron
A neuron with one axon attached to its soma; the axon divides, with one branch receiving sensory information and the other sending the information into the central nervous system.
Terminal button
The bud at the end of the branch of an axon; form synapses with another neuron; sends information to the neuron.
Neurotransmitter
A chemical that is released by a terminal button; has an excitatory and inhibitory effect on another neuron.
Membrane
A structure consisting principally of lipid molecules that defines he had a boundaries of the cell and also constitutes many of the cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus.
Nucleus
A structure in the central region of the cell, containing the nucleolus chromosomes.
Nucleolus
A structure within the nucleus of the cell that produces the ribosomes.
Ribosome
A cytoplasmic structure, made of protein, that serves as a site of production of proteins translated from mRNA.
Chromosome
A strand of DNA, with associated proteins, found in the nucleus; carries genetic information.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
A long, complex macromolecule consisting of two interconnected helical strands; along with associated proteins, strands of DNA constitute the chromosomes.
Gene
The functional unit of the chromosome, which directs synthesis of one or more proteins.
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)
In macromolecule that delivers genetic information concerning the synthesis of a protein from a portion of a chromosome to ribosome.
Enzyme
Molecule that controls the chemical reaction, combining two substances of breaking a substance into two parts.
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA)
A form of RNA that does not include for protein but has functions of its own.