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3b_Boards - SketchyPharm > (7) Antimicrobials: Inhib Bacterial Protein Synth (2.1-2.6) > Flashcards

(7) Antimicrobials: Inhib Bacterial Protein Synth (2.1-2.6) Flashcards

1
Q

MOA: Tetracyclines

A

Inhibit 30s ribosome ⇒ Blocks A-site tRNA binding

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2
Q

Are Tetracyclines active against MRSA?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Which class of antibiotics is particularly effective against bacteria transmitted by ticks?

A

Tetracyclines

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4
Q

Name 3 zoonotic infections Tetracyclines are used to treat

A

(1) Coxiella
(2) Brucella
(3) Yersinia

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5
Q

Name 2 atypical (non-zoonotic) infections Tetracyclines are used to treat

A

(1) Chlamydia
(2) Mycoplasma

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6
Q

What notoriously reduces the GI absorption of Tetracyclines?

A

Divalent cations

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7
Q

Contraindications (2) : Tetracyclines

A

(1) Children
(2) Pregnant

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8
Q

Adverse Effects (2) : Tetracyclines

A

(1) GI distress
(2) Photosensitivity

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9
Q

What has been associated with the use of expired Tetracyclines?

A

Fanconi syndrome (Type 2 RTA)

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10
Q

Resistance: Tetracyclines

A

Efflux pumps

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11
Q

How are Tetracyclines eliminated?

A

Fecally

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12
Q

MOA: Macrolides

A

Inhibit 50s ribosome ⇒ Inhibition of translocation

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13
Q

What class of antibiotic is used for pertussis?

A

Macrolide

(Treatment and prophylaxis)

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14
Q

What class of antibiotic is indicated for community-acquired pneumonia in a patient with a history of penicillin allergy?

A

Macrolide

(Or respiratory fluoroquinolone?)

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15
Q

Name 3 atypical pathogens macrolides are used to treat

A

(1) Mycoplasma
(2) Legionella
(3) Chlamydia

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16
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat neonatal conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Erythromycin

(Er-redcrow-mycin)

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17
Q

What is the treatment for babesiosis?

A

Clindamycin + Atovaquone

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18
Q

What’s the antibiotic used for diphtheria?

A

Erythromycin

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19
Q

Which antibiotic is used to treat Bartonella henselae?

A

Azithromycin

(SketchyMicro also shows doxycycline)

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20
Q

What antibiotic is given as prophylaxis for Mycobacterium intracellulare when CD4 < 50?

A

Azithromycin

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21
Q

Adverse Effects (3) : Macrolides

A

(1) Diarrhea
(2) Jaundice
(3) Torsades
* (All macrolides except Erythromycin also inhibit CYP450 system)*

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22
Q

What macrolide most notably inhibits the CYP450 system?

A

Clarithromycin

(Erythromycin inhibits CYP450 system as well. However, AZITHROMYCIN does not!!)

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23
Q

What protein synthesis inhibitor is used in H. pylori triple therapy?

A

Clarithromycin

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24
Q

MOA: Clindamycin

A

Inhibits 50s ribosome ⇒ Blocks translocation

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25
Q

Is Clindamycin bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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26
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of Clindamycin?

A

(1) Gram (+)
(2) Anaerobes
* (Occasionally used for plasmodium)*

27
Q

What type of Strep. pyogenes infections is Clindamycin indicated for?

A

Soft tissue

28
Q

Does Clindamycin or Azithromycin have activity against MRSA?

A

Clindamycin

29
Q

What type of anaerobic infection is Clindamycin particularly effective against?

A

Lung abscesses

(Accumulates in MΦs)

30
Q

What antibiotic is indicated in the treatment of pneumonia due to Bacteroides fragilis?

A

Clindamycin

31
Q

What is an example of an anaerobe BELOW the diaphragm treated with Clindamycin

A

Clostridium perfringens ⇒ Gas gangrene

(Clindamycin above diaphragm, metronidazole below)

32
Q

Treatment: Polymicrobial infections of female genital tract

A

Clindamycin + Gentimicin

33
Q

Which protein synthesis inhibitor is used for Gardnerella vaginalis?

A

Clindamycin

34
Q

Adverse Effect: Clindamycin

A

Diarrhea

35
Q

What antibiotic is most frequently implicated in causing pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Clindamycin

36
Q

MOA: Chloramphenicol

A

Inhibits 50s ribosome ⇒ Inhibits peptidyl transferase

37
Q

Is Chloramphenicol bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

38
Q

Indications (2) : Chloramphenicol

A

As an ALTERNATIVE treatment, it has been used for:

(1) Meningitis
(2) Rocky Mountain spotted fever
* (Meningitis in developing countries)*

39
Q

Adverse Effects (3) : Chloramphenicol

A

(1) Reversible RBC suppression
(2) Aplastic anemia
(3) Grey baby syndrome

40
Q

What is the mechanism of grey baby syndrome?

A

Accumulation of the drug in newborns (due to ineffective glucuronic acid conjugation system);

causes flaccidity, hypothermia, & shock

41
Q

MOA: Linezolid

A

Inhibits 50s ribosome ⇒ Blocks initiation complex

42
Q

What is Linezolid’s spectrum of activity?

A

Gram (+) Cocci

43
Q

MOA: Linezolid

A

Inhibits 50s ribosome ⇒ Blocks initiation complex

44
Q

What is Linezolid’s spectrum of activity?

A

Gram (+) Cocci

45
Q

Which inhibitor of protein synthesis is effective against both MRSA and VRSA?

A

Linezolid

46
Q

Adverse Effects (4) : Linezolid

A

(1) Thrombocytopenia
(2) Optic neuropathy
(3) Peripheral neuropathy
(4) Serotonin syndrome

47
Q

MOA: Aminoglycosides

A

(1) Inhibit 30s ribosome ⇒ Inhibits initiation complex
(2) Induce misreading of mRNA

48
Q

Are aminoglycosides bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriocidal

49
Q

Which class of antibiotics induces misreading of the mRNA?

A

Aminoglycosides

50
Q

What type of organisms are aminoglycosides most effective against?

A

Aerobic gram (-) bacilli

51
Q

What type of antibiotics are aminoglycosides synergistic with?

A

Call wall active drugs

(β-lactams, vancomycin, etc.)

52
Q

Can aminoglycosides be used to treat Clostridium perfringens?

A

No – requires AEROBE

53
Q

ROA: Aminoglycosides

A

IV

54
Q

What antibiotic is used to sterilize the bowel before colorectal surgery?

A

Neomycin

55
Q

Which aminoglycoside is active against GI luminal parasites?

A

Paromycin

56
Q

Which aminoglycoside is used to treat Francisella?

A

Streptomycin

(Also treats Yersinia)

57
Q

Indication: Gentamicin

A

Resistant gram (-) organisms

58
Q

Name 3 aminoglycosides that are active against Pseudomonas

A

(1) Gentamicin
(2) Tobramycin
(3) Amikacin

59
Q

Name a gram (+) organism aminoglycosides are effective against

A

Enterococcus (when paired with cell wall active agent)

60
Q

What is Enterococcus’ mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides?

A

Acetylation

61
Q

Adverse Effects (5) : Aminoglycosides

A

(1) Teratogen
(2) Ototoxicity
(3) Nephrotoxicity
(4) Acute tubular necrosis
(5) Neuromuscular blockade
* (MC cause of acute tubular necrosis)*

62
Q

Contraindication - Autoimmune: Aminoglycosides

A

Myasthenia gravis

(Lambert-Eaton too?)

63
Q

What developmental defect is associated with aminoglycoside use during pregnancy?

A

Deafness

3b_Boards - SketchyPharm (32 decks)

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