Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3b_Boards - SketchyPharm > (3) Blood & Inflammation: Anti-inflammatory (3.1-3.2) > Flashcards

(3) Blood & Inflammation: Anti-inflammatory (3.1-3.2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the precursor molecule to prostanoids and leukotrienes?

A

Arachidonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What enzyme liberates arachidonic acid from the cell membrane?

A

Phospholipase A2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which COX enzyme is induced by inflammation?

A

COX-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List 2 functions of COX-1

A

(1) TXA2 ⇒ Platelet aggregation
(2) Gastric cytoprotective prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is COX-2 expressed?

A

(1) Vascular endothelial cells
(2) Smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List 5 functions of COX-2

A

(1) PGI2⇒ Vasodilation
(2) Inhibits platelet aggregation
(3) Fever
(4) ↑ Pain sensitivity
(5) ↑ Vascular permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which COX enzyme dilates the renal afferent arteriole?

A

Both.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Other than Ibuprofen and Aspirin, name 6 non-selective NSAIDs

A

(1) Diclofenac
(2) Ketorolac
(3) Indomethacin
(4) Meloxicam
(5) Piroxicam
(6) Naproxen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adverse Effects (7) : Non-selective NSAIDs

A

(1) GI erosions
(2) Bleeding
(3) ↓ Na+ excretion ⇒ ↑ BP
(4) Interstitial nephritis
(5) Renal papillary necrosis
(6) Aplastic anemia
(7) Hypoaldosteronism
* (Bleeding often presents as GI bleed)*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Specifically, what type of kidney damage can occur due to NSAID induced vasoconstriction?

A

Renal papillary necrosis

(Medulla is already hypoxic ∴ ↑ Sensitivity ischemia ⇒ PAPILLARY necrosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What psychiatric drug’s concentration can be increased by NSAIDs?

A

Li+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which NSAID most commonly causes aplastic anemia?

A

Indomethacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MOA: Aspirin

A

IRREVERSIBLY acetylates COX-1 and COX-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What NSAID is used in Kawasaki’s disease?

A

Aspirin

(Notable as ASA is usually avoided due to Reyes syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name 2 signs/symptoms of Reye’s syndrome

A

(1) Encephalopathy
(2) Liver dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 3 signs of aspirin toxicity

A

(1) Metabolic acidosis
(2) Respiratory alkalosis
(3) Tinnitus
* (+ Hyperthermia. Tinnitus presents first)*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment: Aspirin toxicity

A

(1) Charcoal
(2) NaHCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Contraindications (2) : NSAIDs

A

(1) Kidney ischemia
(2) Pregnancy
* (i.e., ACE inhibitors ⇒ ↓ renal perfusion. Also, remember they antagonize the effects of loop diuretics)*

19
Q

Name 2 COX-2 selective antagonists

A

(1) Celecoxib
(2) Acetaminophen

20
Q

Name one reason Celecoxib is better and one reason it’s worse than other NSAIDs

A

(1) Positive: Minimal GI damage
(2) Negative: ↑ Risk of cardiovascular damage

21
Q

Which COX inhibitor is a sulfa drug?

A

Celecoxib

22
Q

MOA: Acetaminophen toxicity

A

Consumption of GS-SH

⇒ ↑ NAPQI

⇒ Free radical liver damage

(⇒ Centrilobular liver necrosis)

23
Q

Treatment: Acetaminophen toxicity

A

(1) Charcoal
(2) N-acetyl-cysteine

24
Q

Why is N-acetyl-cysteine used for Acetaminophen toxicity?

A

Restores GSH

(GSH - glutathione)

25
Q

Gout is caused by the build-up of:

A

Uric acid

26
Q

What is uric acid derived from?

A

Purines

27
Q

What enzyme converts hypoxanthine to uric acid?

A

Xanthine oxidase

28
Q

Name 3 classes of drugs used in the acute treatment of gout

A

(1) NSAIDs (Indomethacin)
(2) Glucocorticoids
(3) Colchicine

29
Q

MOA: Colchicine

A

Inhibits polymerization of microtubules

(∝ Vinca alkaloids and Griseofulvin)

30
Q

What cell does Colchicine inhibit when used in treatment of gout?

A

Neutrophils

31
Q

Describe the crystals of pseudogout

A

(1) Rhomboid
(2) Positively birefringent

32
Q

Name 2 drugs used to treat chronic gout due to uric acid overproduction

A

(1) Allopurinol
(2) Febuxostat

33
Q

Indications (3) : Allopurinol

A

(1) Gout
(2) Tumor lysis syndrome
(3) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

34
Q

What type of cancer most commonly causes tumor lysis syndrome?

A

(1) Lymphoma
(2) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

35
Q

What drug class is notable for its interaction with Allopurinol?

A

Purine analogs

36
Q

Adverse Effects (2) : Allopurinol

A

(1) Steven-Johnson syndrome
(2) DRESS syndrome

37
Q

Treatment (3) : Gout (in under-excreters)

A

(1) Probenecid
(2) HIGH DOSE Aspirin
(3) Pegloticase

38
Q

Adverse Effect: Probenecid (in treatment of gout)

A

⇒ Renal stones

39
Q

What drug used to treat gout is notable for increasing the serum levels of several antibiotics?

A

Probenicid

40
Q

Name a Sulfa drug used to treat gout

A

Probenicid

41
Q

MOA: Pegloticase

A

Converts uric acid ⇒ Allantoin

42
Q

Adverse Effects (2) : Pegloticase

A

(1) Hemolytic anemia (G6PD)
(2) Anaphylaxis

43
Q

Name a drug used to treat gout which is only administered IV

A

Pegloticase

3b_Boards - SketchyPharm (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions