(6) Neuro & Psych: Sedative-hypnotics (1.1-1.3) Flashcards
Suffix: Short-acting benzodiazepines
“-olam”
where are benzodiazepines metabolized?
liver
what receptor do benzodiazepines bind?
GABAA
benzodiazepines increase the conductance of what ion?
Cl-
what effect do benzodiazepines have on the Cl- ion channel?
↑ Opening frequency
describe the temporal progression of alcohol withdrawal symptoms
(1) 08-12 hrs: Insomnia and autonomic instability
(2) 12-48 hrs: Seizures
(3) 48-96 hrs: Delirium tremens
which psychological disorders can benzodiazepines be used to treat
(*but are the second line to SSRIs)?
(1) Anxiety
(2) Panic disorder
why are benzodiazepines useful for conscious sedation?
induce anterograde amnesia
what is the antidote to benzodiazepine overdose?
flumazenil
Name the non-benzodiazepine hypnotics
(1) Zolpidem
(2) Zaleplon
(3) esZopiclone
Which drug class binds to the same allosteric site as benzodiazepines?
Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics
Does alcohol bind to the same allosteric site as benzodiazepines?
No
Which non-benzodiazepine is effective for both sleep onset and sleep maintenance?
esZopiclone
Do non-benzodiazepines cause tolerance?
Minimally
What is the antidote to non-benzodiazepine overdose?
Flumazenil
What is the major CNS role of melatonin receptors?
Maintain circadian rhythm
Where specifically are melatonin receptors found?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
What effect do barbituates have on GABAA receptor?
↑ Duration channel is open
(Barbi-_durates_ increase duration of channel opening)
Do barbituates have a long or short duration of action?
Long
Which barbiturate has a short duration of action?
Thiopental
Why does thiopental have a short duration of action?Rapid redistribution from CNS
Rapid redistribution from CNS
Name a barbiturate is used to treat seizures
Phenobarbital
Which barbiturate has phenobarbital as a metabolite?
Primadone
Treatment: Essential tremor
Primidone + Propanolol
Adverse Effects (3) : Barbituates
(1) Respiratory depression
(2) Cardiac depression
(3) CNS depression
* (Addiction)*
Does barbiturate use cause tolerance?
Yes
Which class of GABAA agonists are CYP-450 inducers?
Barbiturates