(6) Neuro & Psych: Sedative-hypnotics (1.1-1.3)

Question 1

Suffix: Short-acting benzodiazepines

Answer 1

“-olam”

Question 2

where are benzodiazepines metabolized?

Answer 2

liver

Question 3

what receptor do benzodiazepines bind?

Answer 3

GABA_A

Question 4

benzodiazepines increase the conductance of what ion?

Answer 4

Cl^-

Question 5

what effect do benzodiazepines have on the Cl- ion channel?

Answer 5

↑ Opening frequency

Question 6

describe the temporal progression of alcohol withdrawal symptoms

Answer 6

(1) 08-12 hrs: Insomnia and autonomic instability
(2) 12-48 hrs: Seizures
(3) 48-96 hrs: Delirium tremens

Question 7

which psychological disorders can benzodiazepines be used to treat

(*but are the second line to SSRIs)?

Answer 7

(1) Anxiety
(2) Panic disorder

Question 8

why are benzodiazepines useful for conscious sedation?

Answer 8

induce anterograde amnesia

Question 9

what is the antidote to benzodiazepine overdose?

Answer 9

flumazenil

Question 10

Name the non-benzodiazepine hypnotics

Answer 10

(1) Zolpidem
(2) Zaleplon
(3) esZopiclone

Question 11

Which drug class binds to the same allosteric site as benzodiazepines?

Answer 11

Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics

Question 12

Does alcohol bind to the same allosteric site as benzodiazepines?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Which non-benzodiazepine is effective for both sleep onset and sleep maintenance?

Answer 13

esZopiclone

Question 14

Do non-benzodiazepines cause tolerance?

Answer 14

Minimally

Question 15

What is the antidote to non-benzodiazepine overdose?

Answer 15

Flumazenil

Question 16

What is the major CNS role of melatonin receptors?

Answer 16

Maintain circadian rhythm

Question 17

Where specifically are melatonin receptors found?

Answer 17

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 18

What effect do barbituates have on GABA_A receptor?

Answer 18

↑ Duration channel is open

(Barbi-_durates_ increase duration of channel opening)

Question 19

Do barbituates have a long or short duration of action?

Answer 19

Long

Question 20

Which barbiturate has a short duration of action?

Answer 20

Thiopental

Question 21

Why does thiopental have a short duration of action?Rapid redistribution from CNS

Answer 21

Rapid redistribution from CNS

Question 22

Name a barbiturate is used to treat seizures

Answer 22

Phenobarbital

Question 23

Which barbiturate has phenobarbital as a metabolite?

Answer 23

Primadone

Question 24

Treatment: Essential tremor

Answer 24

Primidone + Propanolol

Question 25

Adverse Effects (3) : Barbituates

Answer 25

(1) Respiratory depression
(2) Cardiac depression
(3) CNS depression
* (Addiction)*

Question 26

Does barbiturate use cause tolerance?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

Which class of GABA_A agonists are CYP-450 inducers?

Answer 27

Barbiturates