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3b_Boards - SketchyPharm > (1) Autonomic Drugs: Sympathetic (2.1-2.4) > Flashcards

(1) Autonomic Drugs: Sympathetic (2.1-2.4) Flashcards

1
Q

What effect does α1 stimulation have on the vasculature?

A

(1) Constrict arterioles ⇒ ↑ TPR
(2) Constrict veins ⇒ ↑ Preload

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2
Q

Which adrenergic receptor leads to urinary retention?

A

α1

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3
Q

Which adrenergic receptor inhibits the release of insulin?

A

α2

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4
Q

Which adrenergic receptor inhibits lipolysis?

A

α2

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5
Q

Which adrenergic receptor inhibits the production of aqueous humor?

A

α2

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6
Q

Indication: Brimonidine

A

Open-angle glaucoma

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7
Q

Which adrenergic receptor stimulates renin release?

A

β1

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8
Q

Which adrenergic receptor can cause hypokalemia?

A

β2

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9
Q

What effect does Phenylephrine have on Psys, Pdia, and MAP?

A

(1) Psys : ↑
(2) Pdia : ↑
(3) MAP: ↑

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10
Q

What is the receptor specificity of Norepinephrine?

A

α > β

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11
Q

What is the receptor specificity of Dobutamine?

A

β1 > β2

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12
Q

What effect does Dobutamine have on Psys, Pdia, and MAP?

A

(1) Psys : ↑
(2) Pdia : ↓
(3) MAP: ↔

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13
Q

Which sympathomimetic is used for cardiogenic shock?

A

Dobutamine

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14
Q

What effect does Isoprotenerol have on Psys, Pdia, and MAP?

A

(1) Psys : ↔
(2) Pdia : ↓
(3) MAP: ↓

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15
Q

Indications (2) : Terbutaline

A

(1) Asthma
(2) Preventing premature labor

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16
Q

What is the receptor specificity of Epinephrine?

A

(1) Low doses: β > α
(2) High doses: α predominant

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17
Q

Which adrenergic receptor stimulates lipolysis?

A

β2

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18
Q

Which adrenergic receptor stimulates the release of insulin?

A

β2

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19
Q

Which adrenergic receptor stimulates the production of aqueous humor?

A

β2

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20
Q

What effect does Norepinephrine have on Psys, Pdia, and MAP?

A

(1) Psys : ↑
(2) Pdia : ↑
(3) MAP: ↑

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21
Q

What effect does Epinephrine have on Psys, Pdia, and MAP?

A

(1) Psys : ↑
(2) Pdia : ↓
(3) MAP: ↔ / ↑

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22
Q

Name 2 drugs which would be helpful in the acute management of distributive shock

A

(1) Phenylephrine
(2) Norepinephrine

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23
Q

Treatment: Anaphylactic shock

A

Epinephrine

(“α1 counters vasodilation, β1 improves blood flow to tissues, and β2 opens up the airways”)

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24
Q

What drug inhibits the conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA?

A

Metyrosine

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25
Q

MOA: Cocaine

A

Inhibits NET and DAT

26
Q

Why are β-blockers contraindicated in those on cocaine?

A

⇒ Unopposed α stimulation

27
Q

MOA: Atomoxetine

A

NET inhibitor

(NET = norepinephrine transporter)

28
Q

MOA: Reserpine

A

Inhibits VMAT

(“V” mat: vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT))

29
Q

What type of G-proteins are D1 and D2 receptors?

A

(1) D1: Gs
(2) D2: Gi

30
Q

What receptor mediates the effects of a low dose of dopamine?

A

Low dose: D1 receptors ⇒ ↑ Renal blood flow

31
Q

What receptor mediates the effects of a medium dose of dopamine?

A

Medium dose: β1 receptor⇒ ↑ Contractility/HR

32
Q

What receptor mediates the effects of a high dose of dopamine?

A

High dose: α1 receptor⇒ ↑ TPR

33
Q

Where does the conversion of dopamine into norepinephrine occur?

A

Within the synaptic vesicle

34
Q

MOA: Amphetamine

A

↑ Endogenous release of NE/DA

35
Q

Indications (3) : Clonidine

A

(1) Hypertension
(2) ADHD
(3) Tourettes

36
Q

Treatment: Gestational hypertension

A

α-methyldopa

37
Q

Adverse Effect: α-methyldopa

A

Drug-induced lupus

(Also Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia)

38
Q

Indication: Tizanidine

A

Muscle relaxant

39
Q

MOA: Phentolamine

A

REVERSIBLE α1 and α2 antagonist

40
Q

MOA: Phenoxybenzamine

A

Irreversibly inhibits α1 and α2

41
Q

What drug should be used to treat cocaine toxicity?

A

Phentolamine

42
Q

Name a drug that provides symptomatic relief for BPH

A

Terazosin

43
Q

What sympatholytic is used to treat PTSD?

A

Prazosin

44
Q

What adrenergic receptor does Mirtazapine inhibit?

A

α2

45
Q

MOA: Clonidine

A

α2 agonist

46
Q

Adverse Effects (2) : α1 antagonists

A

(1) Orthostatic hypotension
(2) ⇒ Reflex tachycardia

47
Q

Suffix: α1 antagonist

A

“-osin”

48
Q

What type of sympatholytic are useful in chronic stable angina?

A

β blockers

49
Q

What are the primary indications for the cardio-selective β-blockers?

A

(1) CHF
(2) MI

50
Q

Name 2 non-selective β + α1 blockers

A

(1) Carvedilol
(2) Labetalol
* (Notice this class differs from the “-olol” suffix)*

51
Q

What β-blocker is used to treat hypertension in pregnancy?

A

Labetalol

52
Q

Which class of sympatholytic is useful in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?

A

β-blockers

(↓ Ventricle volume ∝ ↑ Outflow resistance ∴ β-blockers mediated ↓ in stroke volume helps with symptoms)

53
Q

Indications - Non-cardiac (4) : β-blockers

A

(1) Migraines
(2) Thyroid storm
(3) Tremor
(4) Glaucoma

54
Q

What drug is a selective β1-blocker with partial agonist activity?

A

Acebutolol

55
Q

What drug is a non-selective β-blocker with partial agonist activity?

A

Pindolol

56
Q

Which β-blockers are contraindicated in heart failure?

A

Partial agonists

57
Q

Treatment: β-blocker poisoning

A

Glucagon

(+ atropine)

58
Q

What is a topical β-blocker useful in treating glaucoma?

A

Timolol

59
Q

What new EKG findings may present when on β-blockers?

A

Heart block

60
Q

How can you identify a β1 selective antagonist?

A

Name start with A-BEAM

(Note: Nevbivolol is the exception. However, it’s memorable as it also induces NO release)

61
Q

Name 2 reasons β-blockers are helpful in CHF

A

(1) Prevents remodeling (due to excess catecholamines)
(2) ↓ Renin (and ∴ prevents fluid overload and AngII mediated remodeling)

62
Q

Adverse Effects (3) : β-blockers

A

(1) ⇒ Heart block
(2) Exacerbate asthma
(3) Impotence

3b_Boards - SketchyPharm (32 decks)

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