6.8

Question 1

Causes of New Imperialism

Answer 1

• european affairs grew tense, causing competition to have colonies –> colonies were used to keep other countries from setting up bases
• colonies were international prestige –> not getting in the race was a sign of weakness
• they used patriotic fever to arouse interest in nationalism
• social darwinism –> superior races must dominate inferior races by military force or show how strong they are (getting land), survival of the mightiest
• religious –> europeans had moral responsibility to civilize ignorant people –> creating convents, converting people + impose modern technology and medicine
• economic motive –> economic imperialism

Question 2

White man’s burden

Answer 2

-europeans had moral responsibility to civilize ignorant people–> creating convents, converting people + impose modern technology and medicine

Question 3

Economic Imperialism factors

Answer 3

• demand for natural resources
• instead of trading, just have direct control of areas
• surplus of capital from bankers and industrialists caused them to seek higher rates of profit
• extra: it cost a lot to administer it, but because of nationalistic pride, people forgot about that

Question 4

Marxism and Imperialism

Answer 4

• followers of mar said that imperialism was economically motivated because they associated imperialism with ultimate desire of capitalist system
• less wealth –> investment at home is exhausted–> go abroad

Question 5

African and European states before 1880

Answer 5

-they only dealt with existing independent states instead of having direct control

Question 6

South Africa

Answer 6

• after napoleonic war, british people settle there (cape town)–> this go Boers mad –> boers eventually had to move up north
• boers were still mad –> cape colony try to get transvaal, but then revolt, then became independent republic
• overall, the british were trying not to have a war with boers, but eventually would

Question 7

Boers

Answer 7

-descendants of original dutch colonists in south africa

Question 8

Cecil Rhodes

Answer 8

• found gold and diamond companies
• great champion of british expansion
• down fall –> no longer prime minister when he tried to overthrow boer government without british approval

Question 9

Boer War

Answer 9

• they eventually had a war, even though they tried not to
• there were many casualties and EXPENSE
• this war showed that the increase military and money investment would be needed to maintain british empire
• after boers were defeated, the british were nice to them –> representative governments, self governing

Question 10

French and Portuguese possessions

Answer 10

• before 1880 they were the only counties with african settlements
• then afterwards, they started to add more and create protectorates

Question 11

Britain in Egypt

Answer 11

• after canal is opened in egypt, britain’s thought this was their way to india
• so they landed there and put a protectorate
• they also moved south in sudan

Question 12

Italy and imperialism

Answer 12

-they seized ottoman Tripoli (Libya) after being embarrassed by their defeat by ethiopians

Question 13

Belgium and Central Africa

Answer 13

• King Leopold II was interested in PROFIT and progress (europeanizing it)
• started to establish belgian settlements in congo

Question 14

King Leopold II

Answer 14

• king of belgium
• was interested in PROFIT and progress (europeanizing it)
• started to establish belgian settlements in congo

Question 15

Henry M. Stanley

Answer 15

-interested in central africa

Question 16

Germany in Africa

Answer 16

-bismark originally didn’t emphasize colonies but then as domestic political pressures for a
german empire grew, he advocated it

Question 17

Impact on Africa

Answer 17

• liberia and ethiopia were free states
• africa was conquered by states that wanted to create colonial empires (britain, france, germany, belgium, spain, portugal)
• anyone who resisted, were devastated by the european military force
• they treated blacks very badly

Question 18

Britain in Asia

Answer 18

• they were interested in it because of land to graze on and gold in australia
• australia–> granted self government then commonwealth
• new zealand–> colony then dominion status
• india –> at first british east india company controlled it, then sepoy mutiny caused control of india to go to government

Question 19

Sepoy mutiny

Answer 19

-this revolt caused the control of india to go from british east india company to government

Question 20

Russia in Asia

Answer 20

• went to siberia (settled there) and alaska
• they also moved south, where they went to persia and afghanistan and had conflict with britain –> afghanistan was a buffer state and persia into two spheres of influence
• they moved east, where they wanted to move into korea, but had a war with japan (russo-japanese war)

Question 21

Russo-japanese war

Answer 21

-russia moved east, where they wanted to move into korea, but had a war with japan –> in the end, japanese had a protectorate in korea

Question 22

China before imperliams

Answer 22

• ruling manchu dynasty was decline
• western nations started to rush into to gain trading privileges
• countries decided to establish spheres of influence and long term leases of chinese territory
• then open door policy was created

Question 23

open door policy

Answer 23

-one country would not restrict commerce of other countries in its sphere of influence

Question 24

Japan and Korea

Answer 24

• japan and korea excluded westerners

- because of japan’s victories, japan had clear superiority and they annexed korea

Question 25

Southeast Asia

Answer 25

• britain had burma and malay states

- france had indochina (combined cities and created it into union of french indochina)

Question 26

American Imperialism

Answer 26

• pacific islands –> took samoan islands and hawaiian islands, hawaiian people reasserted their authority then troops came in and hawaii was annexed (example of nationalistic fervor)
• because of defeat in spanish-american war, americans wanted to extend their empire so they got some lands, one of their reasons was that US was to christianize them

Question 27

Africa’s Response to Imperialism

Answer 27

• there was a new class of african leaders who were educated and admired western culture
• however, they still resented the foreingers –> westerners didn’t apply democracy, equality, etc.. and economic propserity
• the middle class africans also were mad –> superiority of westerners in segreated schools, churches etc…
• urban educated class was mad at their superior country so they started to assert their own nationality and cultural destiny

Question 28

China’s Response to Imperialism

Answer 28

• humiliation of china —> created antiforeign violence

- then westerns made it an excuse to put more restrictions on them –> Boxer Rebellion

Question 29

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 29

• rebellion in China
• Society of Harmonious Fists–> aim was to push foreigners out of China
• army destroyed them –> restored order –> demanded more restrictions from government –> government got weak

Question 30

Japan’s Response to Imperialism

Answer 30

• shogun at first held real power

- shogun agree to concessions –> samurai revolt –> restoration of emperor as head of government

Question 31

Meiji Restoration

Answer 31

• in japan
• -shogun agree to concessions –> samurai revolt –> restoration of emperor as head of government
• adopted western methods –> education, industrial and financial methods of US, democratic political system & authorotian
• created power military
• pursued western imperialist model –> China, Korea

Question 32

India’s Response to Imperialism POSITIVES

Answer 32

• british government was controlling them directly
• british brought order to soceity –> honest and efficient government
• british brought western technology and schools
• they passed laws that protected some practices that were against women –> sati

Question 33

India’s Response to Imperialism NEGATIVES

Answer 33

• population growth led to extreme poverty
• industrialization destroyed local industries and their money was used to pay british army
• education was only for rich
• although some people had it good it was still bad –> best jobs only for brits
• indians were never considered equals of britain
• a nationalistic movement was created and they demanded independence

Question 34

Results of new Imperialism

Answer 34

• almost all of africa and asia were under colonial rule or (china and ottoman empire) verge of collapse
• some managed to escape this because of GOOD FORTUNE, not design –> thailand, ethiopia, afghanistan, japan