6.1 Flashcards
1
Q
Realism/ Real Politz
A
- reaction to the failures of 1848 revolutions
- they wanted to be realistic in handling their power
- *believed astute diplomacy and well-chosen alliances are more useful than grand proclamations and romantic rebellions
- used by louis Napoleon, Cavour, bismark
- conservative leaders used armies and power politics to achieve foreign policy goals (… leading to unity)
- they manipulated liberal means to achieve conservatism(… leading to unity)
- winning wars built sense of national identity(… leading to unity)
- improving the economy and fostering cultural policies built sense of national identity (… leading to unity)
2
Q
Louis Napoleon: Toward the Second Empire
A
- *he used the idea that authoritarian governments could use liberal and nationalist forces to bolster their own power
- he understood and appealed to the popular forces of his day (smart!)
- patient -> got support -> controlled government -> universal male suffrage -> elected to be president -> restoration of empire was elected
3
Q
The Second Napoleonic Empire
A
- there was a sort of-representative government with universal male suffrage elections (LIBERALISM!)
- but! napoleon had a lot of control (introduce legislation, control armed forces)
4
Q
Early Domestic Policies
A
- he stimulated the national economy and encouraged industrial growth (nationalism, hint hint!)
- government subsidies
- completion of french railway lines
- industrial expansion -> industry production double-> enriching middle class
- moderate free-trade -> double exports
5
Q
Reconstruction of Paris
A
- directed by Baron Haussmann
- replaced narrow streets and congestion with wider avenues
- *effect: paris is a symbol of france’s greatness (nationalism)
- effect: great for military because difficult for revolts (barricading)
6
Q
Liberalization of the Regime
A
- legalized trade unions and granting them the right to strike
- opposition candidates had more freedom to campaign
- legislative corps allowed to say more in affairs of state
- *keep in mind that all these reforms were to help the government (liberalism)
7
Q
Foreign Policy: The Mexican Adventure:
A
- he wanted to dominate the mexican markets for the french
- he sent in troops to protect while there was struggle in mexico
- order restored
- archduke maximilian was made emperor, but executed by mexican forces
8
Q
archduke maximilian
A
-was made emperor in mexico, but then was executed
9
Q
Baron Haussmann
A
-he helped louis napoleon re-created paris
10
Q
Motivation for Crimean War for NAPOLEON
A
- napoleon III wanted to free france from the congress of vienna’s decisions
- he also wanted france to the “chief arbiter of europe”
11
Q
The Ottoman Empire
A
-the ottoman empire was losing land to the austrians and russians and greeks during the 17th and 19th century
12
Q
Causes of the War in the Crimea
A
- the ottoman empire was WEAKENING and losing land
- russia wanted to TAKE ADVANTAGE of their difficulty and thought the RELIGIOUS BONDS gave them “special opportunities to enlarge its sphere of influence”
- other countries also wanted to TAKE ADVANTAGE of their difficulty (austria expanding, france and britain commercial opportunities in mediterranean)
- other countries were also scared of russia’s interests and them becoming a big power
13
Q
Cause War in the Crimea between Russia and Ottomans
A
- russia wanted to protect religious shines, but FRANCE already had this privilege
- the ottomans refused
- so russia invaded territory that they had a “protectorate over”
- this then led to the declaration of war
14
Q
Cause of War in the Crimea between Russia and France and Britain
A
- britain and france were concerned about the balance of power
- british: thought that russia would gain lands in ottoman and challenge them as a naval power
- france: they felt insulted (congress of vienna, protection of shrines) and feared the growing power of russia if successful
15
Q
End of the War in the Crimea
A
- british and french attacked Russia’s Crimean
- their fortress of Sevastopol fell
- Alexander II sued for peace
- Treaty of Paris ended it
16
Q
Effects of War in the Crimea
A
- many died (from both sides) from diseases
- however! Britain didn’t suffer as much because of Florence Nightingale
- european power relationships were destroyed
- the concert the europe was destroyed
- austria and russia were enemies (austria was neutral)
- russia AND britain withdrew from european affairs
- austria was now without friends among great powers
- piedmont-sardinia participated in war with france and britain and wanted to get support for italian unification
- russia’s defeat forced alexander II to launch reforms (policeman of russia)
17
Q
Florence Nightingale
A
- emphasized sanitary conditions during the war in the Crimea
- she saved many BRITISH lives
18
Q
Factors HIndering Unity in Italy:
A
- political divisions
- opposition of austria
- opposition of the papacy
- discord among nationalists
19
Q
Factors Promoting Unity:
A
national feeling
- patriotic societies (carbonari, young italy)
- leadership of sardinia-piedmont under house of savoy
20
Q
Carbonari
A
-secret society in italy
