6.5 Flashcards
1
Q
Mass Society
A
- Population growth
- emigration
- transformation of urban environment
- social structure
- the woman question
- education
- mass leisure
- mass consumption
2
Q
Population Growth
A
- 1850-1880—> cause was rising birthrates
- after 1880—> cause was decline in death
3
Q
Cause for Decline in Deaths after 1880
A
- medical discoveries –> smallpox vaccinations
- environmental conditions –> reduced fatalities from diseases, improved nutrition, increase agricultural productivity, better transportation, pasteurization
4
Q
Emigration
A
- industrialization area–> couldn’t absorb all of rural population —> emigrate to north america
- little industrialization —> rural overpopulation —> migrate to industrial regions
- booming economies of north america + cheap shipping fares –> migrate to north america
- minorities (oppressed) (austrian empire, jews) —> migrate to US
5
Q
Transformation of Urban environment
A
- industrialization + population explosion —> growing URBANIZATION –> cities growing
- migration from rural areas + urban centers offering something positive + improving health and living conditions –> cities growing
6
Q
Improving Living COnditions in Urban cities
A
- reformers see that diseases are caused by filthy conditions —> put in reforms
- the local government helped with these reforms —> building inspectors, boards of health created, new building regulations, PUBLIC HEALTH ACT
- improved health –> ability to bring clean water into cities (aqueducts, dams) and expel sewage (pipes)
7
Q
Public Health Act
A
- example of local governments helping with reforms in urban cities
- prohibited the construction of new buildings without running water and internal drainage system
8
Q
Housing Needs
A
- reforms thought overcrowded houses were dangerous for physical health, political and moral health of NATION
- EARLY –> use middle-class, LIBERAL belief in private enterprise –> force to rise housing standards in face of competition
- LATER —> government interfered —-> meaning private enterprise not working —> meaning LIBERAL idea of government governing least governing best was untrue
- housing act of 1890
9
Q
Redesigning Cities
A
- urban population grow–> redesign
- originally –> narrow streets (defensive)
- new –> broad streets (military) and magnificent view
- cities expanding –> people in countryside moving when cities are built where they are
10
Q
The Upper Class of Mass Society
A
- most of the wealth of the upper class were upper middle class (industrialization) instead of landowning class
- they started to fuse together –> buying houses in rural or urban places, school/ education, government roles, marriages
11
Q
Plutocrats
A
-upper middle class (industry) who held most of the wealth of the upper class
12
Q
The Middle Class of Mas Society
A
- TRADITIONAL groups of professionals + NEW business managers and new professionals
- lower middle class –> provide stuff for above
- white-collar workers –> product of second IR
- they had the same lifestyle and values –> preaching worldview, accepted science and progress, hardwork, regular churchgoers, concerned with propriety
13
Q
The Lower Class of Mass Society
A
- eastern europe –> most everyone was in agricultura
- western and central europe —> not as much as eastern europe
- military conscription —> the lower class shared most of middle class values
- elementary school –> force to speak dialect and accept national loyalties
- there were skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled (most)
- got an improvement in conditions –> living conditions, able to buy more than just food (think about it)
14
Q
“The Woman question” THe Role of women
A
- marriage and domesticity
- birthrates and birth control
- middle class families
- working class families
15
Q
Marriage and Domesticity
A
- marriage viewed by everyone else –> honorable and available career
- marriage viewed by women —> economic necessity (think about it)
- increase in marriage rates –> decline in illegitimacy rates
