6.5 Alcohols Flashcards
Classifying, reactions, experiments
What is the functional group of an alcohol?
Hydroxyl group -OH
What kind of intermolecular forces do alcohols have? Why?
Hydrogen bonding, due to the
electronegativity difference in the OH bond
How do alcohols’ melting point and boiling point compare to other hydrocarbons’ of similar C chain lengths? Why?
Higher, because they have hydrogen bonding (strongest type of intermolecular force) → stronger than London forces
Are alcohols soluble in water? Why does solubility depend on chain length?
Soluble when short chain - OH hydrogen bonds to hydrogen bond in water
Insoluble when long chain - non-polarity of C-H bond takes precedence
What forms if you partially oxidise a primary alcohol?
An aldehyde
What conditions are needed to partially oxidise a primary alcohol?
Dilute sulphuric acid, potassium dichromate (VI), distill product as it’s produced, gentle heating
What forms if you fully oxidise a primary alcohol?
A carboxylic acid
What conditions are needed to fully oxidise a primary alcohol?
Concentrated sulphuric acid, potassium dichromate (VI), reflux, strong heating
What forms if you oxidise a secondary alcohol?
A ketone
What conditions are needed for the oxidation of a secondary alcohol?
Concentrated sulphuric acid, potassium dichromate (VI), strong heating
Is it possible to oxidise tertiary alcohol?
No
What is a dehydration reaction?
A reaction where water is lost to form an organic compound
What are the products of dehydration reaction of alcohol?
Alkene and water
Concentrated sulfuric acid or
concentrated phosphoric acid and 170°C
How can you produce bromoalkanes from alcohols?
Use 50% concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium bromide
