6.1 Intro to Organic 1 Flashcards
Fomulae of compounds, homologous series, functional groups, nomenclature, structural isomerism and sterioisomerism
What is a hydrocarbon?
Molecule only contains hydrogen and carbons
Define homologous series
- same general formula
- SIMILAR CHEMICAL properties
- TREND in PHYSICAL properties
- same functional groups
Define functional group
The group of the molecule that determines which group the molecule is a member of and its physical and chemical properties
What does saturated mean?
Organic compounds which only contain single bonds
What are unsaturated compounds?
Organic compounds that contain at least one carbon carbon double covalent bond
Define structural isomerism
When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
What are the 3 ways in which structural isomers can be formed?
- Alkyl groups can be in different places
- Functional groups can be bonded to different parts
- There can be different functional groups
What are stereoisomers?
Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangement of atoms in space
What is E-Z isomerism and how are E and Z isomers differentiated?
E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C
double bonds. If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen) isomer [zame zide].
If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer
What is Cis-trans isomerism?
Special type of E/Z isomerism where the two substituents on each carbon atom are the same
What is the general formula of alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the structural formula of propane?
CH3CH2CH3
What is the molecular formula of propane?
C3H8
What is the suffix for alkenes?
-ene
What is the suffix for alkanes?
-ane
What is the suffix for halogenoalkanes?
(halogen) …-ane
What are the prefix & suffix for alcohols?
hydroxy- , -ol
What is the suffix for aldehydes?
-al
What are the prefix & suffix for ketones?
oxo- , -one
What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?
-oic acid
What is the suffix for nitriles?
-nitrile
What are the prefix & suffix for amines?
amino- , -amine
What is the suffix for acyl chlorides?
-oyl chloride
What is the suffix for acid anhydride?
-oic anhydride
What is the suffix for esters?
-oate
What is the suffix for amides?
-amides
What is an addition reaction?
Where two or more molecules combine to give a single product with no other products.
What is a substitution reaction?
A reaction that involves replacing an atom or group of atoms with another.
What is an elimination reaction?
Where a small molecule like H2O or HCl is removed from the molecule.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Where a compound is broken down by water.
Can also refer to the breakdown of a substance by dilute acids or alkalis.
What is a condensation reaction?
Where two organic molecules join together and in the process eliminate small molecules like H2O or HCl.
What is an oxidation reaction?
A reaction where an oxygen is added, electrons are removed or the oxidation number of a substance increased.
What can we use as an oxygen from the oxidising agent in the redox reaction?
a [O]
What can we use as a hydrogen from the reducing agent in the redox reaction?
a [H]
What is chain isomerism?
Same molecular formula, but a different carbon chain length.
What is positional isomerism?
When the functional group is located on different carbons.
What qualities make geometric isomers different from each other?
They have different chemical and physical properties to each other
