6.1.2 carbonyl compounds Flashcards
Describe the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acid
-still used ACIDIFIED potassium dichromate and dilute H2SO4
-only uses one oxidising agent
-no water is formed
What is the reaction called when you turn a carbonyl compound into an alcohol
Nucleophilic addition
nucleophilic addition reaction of carbonyl compounds to form alcohols
in booklet
nucleophilic addition reaction of carbonyl compounds to form hydroxynitriles
in booklet
what reducing agent do you need for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to form alcohols
NaBH4 in an ethanol solvent
What reducing agent do you need for the reaction of aldehydes and ketones into hydroxynitriles
NaCN/H+
what is a reducing agent represented by
(H)
NOTE-need 2x(H) per group
how do you test for carbonyl compounds
-use 2,4 DNPH
-orange precipitate is formed which you filter under Buchner reduced pressure
-recrystalise
-obtain melting point of crystals
-compare to reference values
how do you distinguish between aldehydes and ketones
-using Tollens reagent
-silver mirror would be produced with an aldehyde compared to no result in the ketone
what is the oxidising species in the Tollens reagent
the oxidising species in the Tollens reagent is the Ag+ Ions
what does tollens reagent do to an aldehyde
-oxidise it to a carboxylic acid
-only need one oxidising agent
-no water is formed
how to make Tollens reagent
-add a few drops of NaOH to colourless silver nitrate and a pale brown precipitate should form
-add dilute ammonia until precipitate dissolves
draw a carbonyl compound and the bond angle/shape around it
in booklet
120 degrees
trigonal planar
what is a functional group
a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
what is a nucleophile
electron pair donor
