5.3.1-transition elements

Question 1

what are the 3 typical properties of transition elements

Answer 1

-ions have variable oxidation states eg-Fe2+ and Fe3+
-form coloured complex ions
-can be catalysts eg-Ni catalyst for hydrogenation of alkenes

Question 2

what is a d-block element

Answer 2

highest energy electron is in the d-subshell

Question 3

what is a transition element

Answer 3

form atleast one ion with a partially filled d-subshell

Question 4

which atoms have an anomolous electron configiration

Answer 4

Cr-4s1, 3d5 NOT 4s2, 3d4
Cu-4s1, 3d10 NOT 4s2, 3d9

Question 5

which elements are classed as d-block elements AND transition elements

Answer 5

Fe and Mn

Question 6

which elements are classed as d-block element BUT not transition elements

Answer 6

Sc
Zn

Question 7

what is a complex ions

Answer 7

when one or more molecules or negatively charged ions dative covalent bond to a central metal ion. These molecules or ions are known as ligands.

Question 8

what is a ligand

Answer 8

a molecule or ion that donates a pair of electrons to a central metal ion to form a coordinate bond

Question 9

what is the coordination number

Answer 9

number of dative covalent bonds made to the central metal ion.

Question 10

what is a monodentate ligand

Answer 10

a ligand that is able to donate one pair of electrons to the central metal ion

Question 11

what is a bidentate ligand

Answer 11

a ligand that can donate 2 pairs of electrons to the central metal ion.

Question 12

which ligands display cis-trans isomerism

Answer 12

Square planar and octahedral complexes with two pairs of different ligands exhibit cis-trans isomerism
eg-cisplatin and transplatin

Question 13

when do ligands display cis isomerism and when do they display trans isomerism

Answer 13

Like in the square planar complexes, if the two ‘different’ ligands are next to each other then that is the ‘cis’ isomer, and if the two ‘different’ ligands are opposite each other then this is the ‘trans’ isomer

Question 14

which isomers have optical isomers

Answer 14

Octahedral complexes with bidentate ligands also have optical isomers

Question 15

how does cisplatin work

Answer 15

binding to the nitrogen atoms on the bases in DNA
it prevent the DNA from replicating

Question 16

what are some adverse effects of cisplatin

Answer 16

cis platin binds to healthy cells aswell as cancerous cells which is why you get hair loss

Question 17

describe the ligand substitution reaction of Hb with oxygen

Answer 17

when Hb is in a oxygen rich environment a ligand substitution reaction occurs and an oxygen molecule replaces the water molecules
the oxygen molecules forms a dative covalent bond with a central iron (111)

Question 18

describe the ligand substitution reaction of Hb with carbon monoxide

Answer 18

when carbon monoxide is present, a similar ligand substitution reaction occurs with carbon monoxide replacing the water or oxygen molecule.
compared to oxygen, the carbon monoxide molecule forms a much stronger dative covalent bond to the iron (111) and so the Hb molecule is unable to transport oxygen around the body

Question 19

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