61: Urinary System

Question 1

Bean shaped Retroperitoneal organs, situated lateral to the vertebrae T12-L3

Answer 1

Kidneys

Question 2

Which kidney is located higher in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 2

The Left Kidney

Question 3

The hilum of the kidney faces medially and contains:

Answer 3

• Renal vein
• Renal artery
• Renal pelvis

Question 4

The left kidney is located at the level of rib… and rib….
The right kidney is located at the level of rib….

Answer 4

Lt: Rib 11 and 12
Rt: Rib 12

Question 5

• Connective tissue closely adhered to the kidney
• Also enters the renal hilum and lines the renal sinus
• Continuous with the connective tissue forming the walls of the calyces and renal pelvis

Answer 5

Renal Capsule

Question 6

The renal capsule is surrounding by a layer of…..

Answer 6

Extra-peritoneal fat (Perirenal/Perinephric fat)

Question 7

Enclosing the perirenal fat is a membranous condensation of the ………… that also encloses the adrenal gland.

Answer 7

Extraperitoneal fascia

– Renal fascia

Question 8

Space superior to the right kidney, posterior to the liver that where Fluid in the abdomen would accumulate when the body is supine

Answer 8

Hepatorenal recess (Pouch of Morrison)

Question 9

The Hepatorenal recess is also investigated during a ……….. exam

Answer 9

FAST exam

Question 10

The internal structure of the kidney is divided into the ……… and the ………

Answer 10

Outer Cortex and Inner Medulla

Question 11

• A continuous band of tissue surrounding the medulla
• Has extensions into the medulla known as the renal columns
• Contains all the renal corpuscles

Answer 11

Cortex

Question 12

• Divided into triangular pyramids by the renal columns
• Contains the continuation of collecting ducts and tubules
• Each renal pyramid has a papilla which drains into a minor calyx

Answer 12

Medulla

Question 13

Several minor calyces join to form a major calyx, which join to form the……….

Answer 13

Renal Pelvis

Question 14

The renal pelvis exits the hilum and narrows to form the……..

Answer 14

Ureter (ureteropelvic junction UPJ )

Question 15

The ……… is the basic functional unit of the kidney

Answer 15

Nephron

Question 16

The renal corpuscle of the nephron contains the ………. and……..

Answer 16

• Glomerulus

* Bowman’s capsule

Question 17

The tubules of the nephron are:

Answer 17

• Proximal convoluted
• Loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted

Question 18

Several connecting (collecting) tubules drains into a ………

Answer 18

Collecting duct

Question 19

Several collecting ducts drains into the ……… via ………..

Answer 19

Minor Calyx

The renal papilla

Question 20

…………. and ……… together form a Uriniferous Tubule

Answer 20

Nephron and Collecting ducts

Question 21

Lymphatic Drainage: From Kidney

Answer 21

Into Left and Right Lumbar (aortic and caval) lymph nodes

Question 22

Lymphatic Drainage: Upper Ureter

Answer 22

Into Kidney Lymphatics or lumbar lymph nodes

Question 23

Lymphatic Drainage: Middle Ureter

Answer 23

Into Common iliac lymph nodes

Question 24

Lymphatic Drainage: Lower Ureter

Answer 24

Into Common, external, and internal iliac lymph nodes

Question 25

Lymphatic Drainage: Pelvic Ureter and Bladder

Answer 25

Into Internal iliac lymph nodes

Question 26

…………..is formed from rami from the:
• The celiac ganglion and plexus
• The aorticorenal ganglion
• The lower (least) thoracic splanchnic nerves
• The 1st lumbar splanchnic nerve
• The aortic plexus
• Sympathetics are supplied from T11-L2

Answer 26

The renal plexus

Question 27

The renal plexus usually continues into the kidney around the renal arteries .Most renal nerves are …….

Answer 27

Vasomotor

Question 28

The renal plexus gives rise to the …………. and ……….. plexuses

Answer 28

Ureteric and Gonadal plexuses

Question 29

Sensory nerves pass back to the CNS with the ……….

Answer 29

Thoracic splanchnic nerves