61. Oncology I: Overview + Side Effect Management Flashcards
Types of skin cancers and differences
Basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma - common, unlikely to metastasize, simple to remove surgically or with topical treatment
Melanoma - skin cancer that forms in the melanocytes, least prevalent type of skin cancer (2%) but most deadly
Define adjuvant
Treatment given AFTER primary therapy (usually surgery) or CONCURRENT with other therapy (usually radiation) to eradicate residual disease and decrease recurrence
___ results are used to make a definitive cancer diagnosis
Biopsy
Define metastatic
Term for cancer that has spread to a different part of body from primary (starting) location
Define neoadjuvant
Treatment given BEFORE primary therapy (usually surgery) to shrink size of tumor and make surgery more effective
Radiation therapy uses high-energy ___ or other particles to destroy cancer cells
X-rays
Define remission
Disappearance of s/sx of cancer but not necessarily the presence of the disease (cancer could be undetectable but still present)
What does T, N, and M stand for in the TNM staging
T - tumor size and extent
N - spread of cancer to lymph notes
M - whether cancer has metastasized
____ test is one type of tumor marker common in colon cancer
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Metastases form when malignant cells from the primary cancer (original site) travel through the ___ or ___ to form new tumors in other parts of the body
Lymphatic system or blood
The American Cancer Society (ACS) lists 7 warning signs (CAUTION). What are they?
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
____ is recommended for prevention of colorectal cancer
Low-dose aspirin
To lower skin cancer risk, use a broad-spectrum sunscreen, at least SPF ___, and reapply every ___ hours
SPF 30, every 2 hrs
Breast cancer screening recommendations
40-44yo: optional annual mammograms
45-54yo: begin yearly mammograms
≥55yo: mammograms every 2 years or continue yearly
Cervical cancer screening recommendations
25-65yo
Pap smear every 3 years
HPV testing every 5 years
PAP smear + HPV testing every 5 years
Colorectal cancer screening recommendations
≥45 yo
Stool-based test (fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) yearly // stool DNA test (MT-sDNA) every 3 years)
Colonoscopy every 10 years
Sigmoidoscopy (FSIG) every 5 years
Lung cancer screening recommendations
≥50yo
Annual CT scan of chest if smoking hx + still smoking or quit smoking within past 15 years
Prostate cancer screening recommendations
If patient chooses to be tested:
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test ± digital rectal exam (DRE)
T/F: Female pts on chemotherapy should avoid pregnancy during treatment, no teratogenic concern in male pts
False - all pts regardless of gender must avoid conceiving during treatment
T/F: Pregnant females should not handle chemotherapy drugs
True
Max dose and reason: Bleomycin
Lifetime cumulative dose: 400 units
Pulmonary toxicity
Max dose and reason: Doxorubicin
Lifetime cumulative dose: 450-550 mg/m2
Cardiotoxicity
Max dose and reason: Cisplatin
Dose per cycle not to exceed 100 mg/m2
Nephrotoxicity
Max dose and reason: Vincristine
Single dose “capped” at 2 mg
Neuropathy