17. Compounding III: Documentation + Preparation Flashcards
____ is the recipe that is followed to compound a preparation (what you SHOULD do)
Master formulation record
____ is the log book of all products made at the pharmacy (what you DID)
Compounding record (or log)
What are the 3 completion steps
- Package product and apply container label and any needed auxiliary labels. A duplicate container label can be placed on the compounding record.
- Perform QC: validate the weight, check the product for mixing, adequacy, color, clarity, odor, consistency, and pH. Enter measurements and observations in compounding record.
3.Counsel the patient and if any subsequent ADRs are reported, add them to the compounding record
____ means to reduce particle size by grinding, crushing, milling, vibrating, or other processes (manual or mechanical)
Comminution
Sieve number is based on ___
the number of holes per inch (sieve #100 = 100 openings/inch)
3 Main methods of comminution
- Trituration (commonly a/w grinding tabs with mortar and pestle but can describe liquids)
- Levigation (triturating powder with mortar and pestle with a little liquid) or spatulation (similar to levigation but on an ointment slab with spatula instead of motar+pestle)
- Pulverization by intervention (used for crystalline powders that will not crush easily – crystals dissolved with solvent and mixed until solvent evaporates, when it recrystallizes = smaller particles)
___ is a solute dissolved in a solvent (such as NaCl dissolved in water)
Solution
___ is a solid dispersed in a liquid. It is a two-phase heterogeneous (not uniform) mixture.
Suspension
___ are oral solutions with sucrose, other sugars, or artificial sugars
Syrups
____ are sweet hydroalcoholic solutions used for drugs that would be insoluble in a purely aqueous formulation.
Elixirs
____ are plant or animal extracts dissolved in alcohol or hydroalcohol
Tinctures
___ are alcohols or hydroacohols of volatile (easily vaporizes), aromatic compounds such as camphor.
Spirits
____ is when the dispersed phase settles (clumps) together. Happens with suspensions and emulsions, less commonly with solutions.
Precipitation/sedimentation
Emulsions can be made by either the Continental or English gum method. Explain it.
Mixing oil, water, and an emulsifier (gum) in a 4:2:1 ratio
Continental (dry gum) method steps
- Levigate gum with oil
- add water all at once
- Triturate (shake or mortar+pestle)
- add other ingredients and homogenize
English (wet gum) method steps
- Triturate gum with water
- Slowly add oil
- add other ingredients and homogenize
____ is an example of a glidant/lubricant to improve the flowability of a powder
Magnesium stearate
___ is an example of a surfactant to neutralize the static charge and keep the powder from floating away
Sodium lauryl sulfate
If melting ingredients (for any formulation), melt the ingredient with the (highest/lowest) melting point prior to adding the ingredients with (highest/lowest) melting points
Highest first, then lower
Prevents exposing substances with low melting points to higher temps than necessary
A ___ mixture means that the combination of ingredients will melt at a lower temperature than either of the individual component’s melting temperatures
Eutectic
Can be an issue because it can burn or create a sticky mess
___ and ___ are used as plasticizers to make capsules less brittle and more flexible
Glycerol and sorbitol
___ tablets are most common tablet type made in compounding vs ____ tablets are more common in manufacturing
Molded, compressed
Ointments vs creams: oil to water content
Ointment 80-100% oil, 0-20% water
Creams 50/50, usualy water >20% and up to 50% oil
Which has the most amount of oil: ointment, creams, lotion
Ointment