6.1 Body Systems and Organization Of The Human Body U6 Flashcards
What are cells?
basic unit of all living things responsible for essential life processes
What are organs?
structure made up of multiple types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
What are tissues?
groups of cells that work together to carry out specialized functions in the body
What are organ systems?
group of organs and tissues that work together to perform a specific function
What are the 4 categories of tissues?
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular
What is epithelial tissue?
Sheets of cells that covers exterior surfaces of the body, lines internal cavities & passageways, and forms certain glands.
What are examples of places where there is epithelial tissue?
Skin, mouth, airways, intestines, blood vessels and more!
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
Essential for protecting the body from physical damage and dehydration
Bodies first line of protection from physical, chemical, and biological damage
What are characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Avascular(lack of blood vessels)
Cells are tightly packed and arranged as sheets
Rich nerve supply
High repair and regeneration
Classified based on shape and layers of cells
What are the three shapes of epithelial tissue?
Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar
What is squamous epithelial tissue?
Flat cells
What is Cuboidal epithelial tissue?
Cube/box like squares
What is columnar epithelial tissue?
Rectangular/tall slender cells
What are the two types of cell layers for epithelial tissue?
Simple, Stratified
What is simple cell layer epithelial tissue?
One layer of cells,
Primarily founds in areas of transport
What is stratified cell layers epithelial tissue?
Consists of two or more layers of cells
Primarily found in areas at risk of abrasion
What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?
thinness of cell type allows for rapid transport (gas, liquids)!
What is the location of simple squamous epithelium?
lungs, kidneys, capillaries
What is the function of simple Cuboidal epithelium?
active in the secretion and absorption of molecules
What is the location of simple Cuboidal epithelium?
kidneys, ovaries, ducts of glands
What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?
active in the secretion and absorption of molecules
What is the location of simple columnar epithelium?
digestive tract, ovaries
What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?
Protection
What is the location of stratified squamous epithelium?
mouth, skin, lining of body cavities
What is the most common epithelial cell type in the human body?
Stratified epithelium
What is the most widely distributed tissue in the body?
Connective tissue
What does connective tissue do?
Binds cells & organs of the body together and provides support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances in the body
What are the 4 types of connective tissue?
blood, bone, fat, and cartilage
What are characteristics of connective tissue?
Composed of cells scattered in an extracellular matrix made up of 2 main elements
What are the two main elements in the extracellular matrix?
Ground substance, fibers
What is a ground substance?
composed of water, proteins, and polysaccharides that allow for the diffusion of nutrients
What are the 3 types of fibers?
Collagen, Elastic, Reticular
What is collagen fibers?
tensile strength
What is elastic fibers?
stretch with recoil
What is reticular fibers?
supportive
What is blood connective tissue?
Liquid connective tissue made up of cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
What are examples of blood connective tissue?
RBCS, WBCs, platelets
What is fibrous CT Connective tissue?
Primarily found in the muscles, bone, and skin
What are the examples of fibrous CT Connective tissue?
Provides support and shock absorption
What is adipose tissue Connective tissue?
Insulation, energy storage, protective cushion
What is cartilage connective tissue?
Provides padding, flexibility, and shock absorption
Where is cartilage connective tissue found?
Found in various areas of the body: nose, respiratory passages, ear, between vertebrae
What is the nervous tissue responsible for?
Responsible for communication and coordination within the body
Where is the nervous tissue found?
Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
How is info carried by nervous tissue?
Information is carried by neurons in the form of electrical impulses
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
What is sensory neurons?
relay information from sensory receptors throughout the body to the brain and SC. Within the CNS, sensory information is analyzed and decisions are made as to the appropriate response.
What is motor neurons?
carry impulses from the CNS to affector muscles and glands to carry out the response
What are muscle tissue characterized?
properties that allow movement
Muscle cells are excitable meaning they can respond to stimuli
Muscle cells are contractile meaning they can shorten and generate a force
What are characteristics of muscle tissue?
Tissue is highly vascular
Consists of actin and myosin (contractile proteins) that cause muscle cells to get shorter in length
Movement can be voluntary or involuntary
What are the three types of muscular tissue?
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
What is the appearance of the skeletal muscle?
Striated (striped) and column shaped cells
Is skeletal movement voluntary? Explain?
Voluntary movement
Attached to bone and its contraction provides voluntary movement of the entire body
Locomotion, facial expressions, posture, etc
How many nuclei in skeletal muscle?
Multinucleated
Does skeletal muscle contract and tire easily?
Contracts and tires easily
What is the appearance of smooth muscle?
Spindle shaped (circular middle and tapered ends)
Is smooth muscle movement voluntary? Explain?
Involuntary movement
Contraction is responsible for involuntary movements in the internal organs
Blood vessels, respiratory passages, intestines, bladder
How many nuclei in smooth muscle?
Uninucleated
Does smooth muscle lack striations?
Lacks striations
What is the cardiac muscles appearance?
Branched and attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks
Is cardiac muscle movement voluntary? Explain?`
Involuntary control
Found only in the heart and its contraction allows blood to be pumped throughout the body
How many nuclei does cardiac muscle have?
Uninucleated
Is cardiac muscle striated?
Striated
What is homeostasis?
The body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment that is impacted by age, external conditions, health, and more.
How is homeostasis maintained?
To maintain homeostasis, the body relies on feedback mechanisms and organ systems to function smoothly together.
What does homeostasis involve?
Temperature regulation
Metabolism regulation
Detecting and responding to environmental stimuli
Maintaining water and mineral balances
What is Negative feedback loop?
Returns the body to homeostasis by counteracting changes from its original state!
What are examples of negative feedback loop?
breathing rate, blood glucose levels, body temperature, heart rate
What is Positive feedback loop?
Enhances a change in the normal state of the body, pushing it further from homeostasis
What are examples of Positive feedback loop?
childbirth
